Literal Meaning:

A poem is a collection of spoken or written words that expresses ideas or emotions in a

powerfully vivid and imaginative style. A poem is comprised of a particular rhythmic and
metrical pattern.

In Poetry,
- Artist and work is present in setting but not the audience
- Poet does not address audience but he speaks spontaneously to himself or to universe
- Audience-reader is presumed not to be around at all – overhear the poem rather than to be
addressed by it.
- This is the reason why the students are urged to read aloud the poem so that you may
assume the role of the poet or spokesman in a song like manner
- Poem must be read for its message
- Message is hidden in the poem and must be found by treating the words as symbols
which naturally do not mean what they say but stands for something else
- Mimic: Reflects something
- Purpose: To amuse the readers

5 IMPORTANT DETAILS THAT DESCRIBES POETRY

1. To be read slowly, carefully and attentively

- This will make a poetry different from prose or ordinary speech
- It can be done either in metrical pattern or free verse
- Poets expresses their emotions through this medium easily as they face difficulty when
expressing through some other mediums
- It also teaches moral lesson through sugar coated language

2. Recreates experience
- Main function: To convey an idea or emotion through beautiful language.
- Poets use vivid imagery to grab the attention of the audience, it can be through
figurative language, emotional language and other rhetorical devices.
- Supreme function: transform imagery and words into verse form to touch the hearts
and minds of readers
- Poets evoke imagination awareness about thins using specific diction, sound and rhythm

3. It reflects something so that it can be found in everything the idea of poetry

4. Presents dramatic situation – the speaker must know what is he or she saying, in simple
words, know the substance and must evoke emotions as he owns it
5. It has a structure that presents a series of images – and this images form a picture of
certain emotions or idea that will make a reader imaginative. . It may be direct
representation of reality and compared to something vivid or figurative, that will make
words more meaningful.
ELEMENTS OF POETRY

 DICTION

Poets describes his experience in words – the diction of the poem

 The full meaning of a word includes both the dictionary definition and the special
meanings and associations a word takes in a given phrase or expression.

 It is also pertains to clearness of those words used in the context of the poem, in order to
grab the attention of the readers.

DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION

 Denotation pertains to the meaning of the word that can be found in dictionary or a word
that has a literal and specific meaning. On the other hand, connotation means those
words that have implied meaning.

- For example, a tiger is a carnivorous animal of the cat family. This is the literal
or denotative meaning. But we have certain associations with the word: sinuous
movement, jungle violence, and aggression. These are the suggestive, figurative
or connotative meanings.

 IMAGERY

What Is Imagery in Poetry?

 In poetry, imagery is a vivid and vibrant form of description that appeals to

readers’ senses and imagination.

 The word’s connotation, “imagery” is not focused solely on visual representations

or mental images—it also refers to the full spectrum of sensory experiences,
including internal emotions and physical sensations.

How Is Imagery Used in Poetry?

Imagery allows the reader to clearly see, touch, taste, smell, and hear what is happening—
and in some cases even empathize with the poet or their subject.

7 TYPES OF IMAGERY

1. Auditory imagery. It appeals to the reader’s sense of hearing or sound. It may

include music and other pleasant sounds, harsh noises, or silence. In addition to
describing a sound.
2. Gustatory imagery. In this form of poetic imagery, the poet appeals to the
reader’s sense of taste by describing something the speaker or narrator of the poem
tastes. It may include sweetness, sourness, saltiness, savoriness, or spiciness.
3. Tactile imagery. In this form of poetic sense of touch by describing something the
speaker of the poem feels on their body. It may include the feel of temperatures,
textures, and other physical sensations.
4. Olfactory imagery. In this form of poetic imagery, the poet appeals to the
imagery, the poet appeals to the reader’s sense of smell by describing something
the speaker of the poem inhales. It may include pleasant fragrances or off-putting
odors.
5. Kinesthetic imagery. In this form of poetic imagery, the poet appeals to the
reader’s sense of motion. It may apply to the movement of the poem’s
speaker/narrator or objects around them.
6. Organic imagery. In this form of poetic imagery, the poet communicates internal
sensations such as fatigue, hunger, and thirst as well as internal emotions such as
fear, love, and despair.
7. Visual imagery. In this form of poetic imagery, the poet appeals to the reader’s
sense of sight by describing something the speaker or narrator of the poem sees. It
may include colors, brightness, shapes, sizes, and patterns. To provide readers with
visual imagery, poets often use metaphor, simile, or personification in their
description.
 SYMBOL- image of one thing that stands for another.

 RHYTHM AND RHYME - arouses interest in the reader.

 POETIC FORMS - a system of conventions, a way of organizing ideas, imagery,

rhythmic and sound patterns to achieve an intended effect

Two kinds of Poetic Form

A. Lyric Poetry
- Comes from the Greek word ‘’lyre’’ means a stringed instrument
- It is any poem with one speaker (not necessarily the poet) who expresses strong
thoughts and feelings.
- Lyric poetry is non-narrative and relatively short, compared to epic poetry.
- Lyric does not tell a story
- The most common poetic forms.
- Most subjective of the literary forms. Poet feels free to express his ideas, sentiments, and
his reactions as he experienced them
- Characterized by simple imagery, verse structure and thought development.

B. NARRATIVE POETRY

1. BALLAD
 - most common and shortest
- a short narrative poem in simple stanzaic form recounting a popular, though not
necessarily legendary, story.

2. NARRATIVES OF MEDIUM LENGTH

- too short to be called an epic and too long to be a ballad
- can be compared to short stories.
- conform to Edgar Allan Poe's criterion of unified poetry.

3. THE EPICS
- a product of a specific culture.

POETIC VISION AND LANGUAGE

1. A poem always has a definite structure.

2. Poetry is always changing
3. Poetry draws knowledge, emotion, and imagination.
4. Poetry has a musical element in it: metrics.
5. Poetry is oral, aural: recited in a song-like manner and highly subjective.

General approach in analysing a poem

1. Read the poem

2. Identify the speaker and the situation. Feel free to read it more than once. Read the
sentences literally.
3. Use your prose reading skills to clarify what the poem is about.
4. Read each line separately, noting unusual words and associations. Look up words you are
unsure of and struggle with word associations that may not seem logical to you.
5. Note any changes in the form of the poem that might signal a shift in point of view.
6. Study the structure of the poem, including its rhyme and rhythm (if any).
7. Re-read the poem slowly, thinking about what message and emotion the poem
communicates to you.

THE HAIKU

- A very short poem with a traditional and classical form, and with characteristics of its
own.
- In the hands of a master, a haiku can be the concentrated essence of pure poetry.
- Due to its shortness, it depends on the power of suggestion.
- 17 syllables in verse form: 5-7-5 pattern
- Hokku: starting verse
- Matsuo Basho
ABOUT PARODY

 Parody is the imitation of the style of another work, writer or genre, which relies on
deliberate exaggeration to achieve comic or satirical effect.

Function of Parody

 Parody is a kind of comedy that imitates and mocks individuals or a piece of work.

However, when it mingles with satire, it makes satire more pointed and effective. Most
importantly, a parody appeals to the reader’s sense of humor.

 He enjoys the writer poking fun at the set ideals of society, and becomes aware of the
lighter side of an otherwise serious state of affairs. Thus, parody adds spice to a piece of
literature that keeps the readers interested

NARRATIVE POETRY

 There are narrative poems as short as a half dozen stanzas, commonly called ballads,
which are intended to narrative briefly some single incidents. There are narrative poems
over 60,000 lines, known as epics, which are intended to narrate great events involving
entire nations.

 BALLADS- the ballad is the shortest of the narrative form and it is also the most
common. Ballads are always written to be sung, and popular ballads are usually handed
down, undergoing change all the time, from one generation to another.

 Folk Ballad- tells a story which is intended to be sung to an unsophisticated audience.

 Literary Ballad- is a narrative poem which has some folk ballad characteristics and is
composed by a conscious artist.

----------------------------------------- Te kaye insert mo here sayo

The National Epic

 French Epic - The Song of Roland

1. It is based on a battle between the Gascons of Spain and Charlemagne of France.
2. The source of the epic is the historical account of Einhard and the Spanish Scholar,
Damaso Alonso. Critics claim that this epic was written by one man called Turuldus.
3. Charlemagne - a ruler that defends the Christian Faith
4. Charlemagne had already occupied a number of Spanish cities, but the City of Saragossa
with its Moslem leader, Marsiliun would not surrender.
 After seven years, Charlemagne disbanded his Spanish Campaign.

While Charlemagne's army was retreating through a narrow pass in the Pyrenees, they
were ambushed by the Gascons and massacred.

Egginhard, the royal seneschal, Anselm, the Count of the Palace, Hroudland and many
others were killed in the battle.

 The composition of the poem is firm and coherent, the style direct, sober, and, on
occasion, stark. Placed in the foreground is the personality clash between the recklessly
courageous Roland and his more prudent friend Oliver (Olivier), which is also a conflict
between divergent conceptions of feudal loyalty. Roland, whose judgment is clouded by
his personal preoccupation with renown, rejects Oliver’s advice to blow his horn and
summon help from Charlemagne. On Roland’s refusal, the hopeless battle is joined, and
the flower of Frankish knighthood is reduced to a handful of men. The horn is finally
sounded, too late to save Oliver, Turpin, or Roland, who has been struck in error by the
blinded Oliver, but in time for Charlemagne to avenge his heroic vassals. The poem ends
with the trial and execution of Ganelon.

 Its main theme is that the triumph of cross over crescent. This epic also depicts the justice
during earlier periods, teaching people that every evil acts is accompanied by an evil
consequences.

Germanic Epic - The Nibelungenlied

 It based its name from the mythical Nibelungs, guardians of a great treasure.
 Much of the material is legendary, though some characters and incidents are historical.
 It is composed of two parts. The first part of the poem deals with the journey of Siegfried
to Burgundy, his wooing and wedding to Kriemhild and his death. The second part tells
about the wedding of Kriemhild to King Etzel and of her subsequent revenge upon
Hagen, the slayer of Siegfried and Gunther, his own brother.
 Siegfried having the qualities of being a hero with his strength, courage, magical powers
does not triumph as he is being killed at the midpoint of the story. It is Kriemhild that
should be considered as an epic heroine, a position unique to the poem.
 The main theme of the epic involves betrayal that leads to an act of vengeance. This
vengeance is because of love.

Filipino Epics

 Ilocano Epic - Biag Ni Lam-Ang

 A long Hispanic Ilokano epic and is believed to composed of stanzas close to 300.
  It is believed to be the work of several poets of different generations, each poet making
his own alterations or additions until the 17th century when Pedro Bukaneg, Father of
Ilocano Poetry, put it down in writing in both Ilokano and Spanish.
 Bukaneg version seems to be the basis of all other versions.
 The main theme of the epic is bravery and love

Maranao Epic - Indarapatra at Sulayman

 It contains the story of the deeds and adventures of the heroic Emperor Indarapatra of the
Kingdom of Mantapuli.
 The story begun by intoducing first the antagonist or the monsters which is Kurita, Pah,
Tarabusaw and the Seven-headed bird.
 The first three monster have been defeated by Sulayman, Indarapatra's brother. The
seven-headed bird is defeated by Indarapatra.
 The story ends in peace and happiness when all the monters are gone.
 The main theme of the epic is bravery and it also spoke too much about love.

SUMMARY OF
REPORT
 POETRY
Submitted by: Group 1- BSA 2A
Alay-ay, Kristine May A.
Delos Santos, Kaye Z.
Gonzales, Thea Azielle A.
Padilla, Catherine Joie B.
Yagin, Rheyna B.
Submitted to:
Prof. Carmelita Kilala

Date
January 29, 2020

QUIZ#1

1. An element of poetry that is vivid and vibrant form of description that appeals to
readers’ senses and imagination.

2. The most common poetic form that does not tells a story and always uses first person
point of view.

3. It is the imitation of the style of another work, writer or genre, which relies on deliberate
exaggeration to achieve comic or satirical effect.

4. It pertains to clearness of those words used in the context of the poem and usually
includes both dictionary definition and the special meanings to grab the attention of
readers.
5. What are the two types of ballad?
6. What is too short to be called epics and too long to be a ballad?
7. It arouses interest in the reader.
8. Give at least one poetic vision and language.
9. He is believed to be the author of the epic "Song of Roland"
10. He is the traitor in the story of the Song of Roland
11. He is the Father of Ilokano Poetry
12. This Hispanic Ilokano epic was very long; written versions of it available today seem to
show that it was close to 300 stanza
13. It is a narrative poem which has some folk ballad characteristics and is composed by a
conscious artist.
14. It tells a story which is intended to be sung to an unsophisticated audience.
 15. A very short poem with a traditional and classical form, and with characteristics of its
own.
16. A __________ is a collection of spoken or written words that expresses ideas or emotions
in a powerfully vivid and imaginative style.

Answer:

1. Imagery
2. Lyric poetry
3. Parody
4. Diction
5. Folk ballads and ballads of art
6. Narratives of medium of length

7. Rhythm and rhyme

8. 1. A poem always has a definite structure.
2. Poetry is always changing
3. Poetry draws knowledge, emotion, and imagination.
4. Poetry has a musical element in it: metrics.
5. Poetry is oral, aural: recited in a song-like manner and highly subjective.
9. Turuldus
10. Ganelon
11. Pedro Bukaneg
12. Biag ni Lam-ang
13. Literary Ballad
14. Folk Ballad
15. Haiku
16. Poem