Lesson 1
Literary Devices – techniques that the writers
use to create a special and pointed effect in
their writing to convey information, and/or to
help the reader understand the text on a
deeper level. These devices are often used for
emphasis or clarity.
Common Literary Devices:
 Imagery
 Sound Devices
 Figurative Language
 Author’s Tone
 Author’s Mood
 Author’s Purpose
 Symbolism
Sensory Images – include the use of descriptive
language to create mental images by engaging
the reader’s five senses.
5 Types of Sensory Imagery
1. Visual Imagery – engages the sense of sight
including physical attributes
2. Gustatory Imagery – engages the sense of
taste including flavors and basic tastes
3. Tactile Imagery – engages the sense of touch
including the textures, the sensations and
temperature associated to somethings
4. Auditory Imagery – engages the sense of
hearing the onomatopoeia and alliteration
5. Olfactory Imagery – engages the sense of
smell including the smell of grass, rose and dirt
Lesson 2
Author’s Mood – the feeling the writer wants to
get from the reader like happiness, sadness,
excitement, anger, or suspicion. To determine,
the reader should check the setting and
language of the author
Author’s Tone – is expressed through the words
and details the writers choose to use. The
author’s tone is the expression of the authors
attitude in what he writes. An author can reveal
to his readers his attitude of dislike, respect,
sympathy or admiration, or he could even laugh
at his subject. Some words that describe tone;
excited, ironic, tragic, bitter, surprised, loving,
amused, regretful arrogant etc.
Author’s Purpose – reveals the reason why he
writes such. The purpose of the author in this
selection is determined by the reason why he
wrote it.
The common purposes of the author are;
- To persuade – to induce to believe, to
convince, to agree or to do something
- To Entertain – to amuse. To hold one’s
attention
- To inform – to give facts or information about
certain subjects
Lesson 3
Figurative Language- are literary devices used
by the author to give color and imagination to
ordinary words.
Figures of Speech
- Paint Pictures
- Another way of enlivening our speech and
writing
- They make language striking and therefore
more effective
Simile – expresses comparison between two
things of unlike nature and is usually indicated
by the words “as” and “like”
Ex. The coffee is hot as lava
Metaphor – an implied comparison between
two things of unlike nature, unlike simile the
words “as” and “like” are not used
Ex. You are my sunshine
Personification – gives to animals objects or
idea the characteristics of persons
Ex. The stars winked at me
Hyperbole – is a figure of speech which is an
exaggeration. The purpose is to emphasize
something such as feeling, effort, a reaction.
Sometimes it is used to create humor
Ex. I’m so hungry I could eat a horse
Synecdoche – is a figure of speech in which part
designated the whole object or idea, or the
whole designates a part
Ex. He has many mouths to feed
Metonymy – is a figure of speech in which a
ingle word is substituted for a related word or
phrase
Ex. STE Department will make an important
announcement
Apostrophe – is a direct address to some
abstract quality or nonexistent person
Ex. Courage, My soul!
Lesson 4 Sound Devices
Poetry – is a special type or literature in which
words are carefully chosen and arrange to
create a certain effect
- It is an expression of human sentiments
- It is like fiction and drama, it has a story to tell
SOUND DEVICES
Rhyme – is the repetition of the vowel and
consonant sounds at the end of two or more
lines
Rhyme Scheme – the pattern of rhyme within a
poem. It is indicated by using a different letter
of the alphabet for every rhyming sound
Rhythm – the pattern of accented and
unaccented syllables in poetry. It brings out the
musical quality of language. It can also create
mood anf emphasizes ideas. The accented
syllables are marked with (/) while the
unaccented are marked with (-)
Repetition – is a repeated use of sound, word,
phrase, or sentence, rhythmical pattern or
grammatical pattern
Alliteration – is the repetition of initial
consonant sounds
Assonance – is the repetition of vowel sounds
within the words
Consonance – is the repetition of internal
consonant sounds
Onomatopoeia – refers to words that sound
like what they mean, a formation of words to
imitate natural sounds
Lesson 5
William Shakespeare
(baptized April 26, 1564, Died April 23, 1616)
He was an english poet and playwright, widely
regarded as the greatest writer in the English
language and the worlds pre-eminent
dramatist. He is often called England’s national
poet and the Bard of Avon.
- His surviving works, including some
collaborations, consists of about 38 plays, 154
sonnets, two long narrative poems and several
other poems. His plays have been translated
into every major living language and are
performed more often than those of any other
language.
Lesson 7
Students can make connections between
Text-To-Self Connections – These are
connections where students connect what they
are reading to personal experiences or
knowledge
Text-To-Text Connections – These are made
when a student can connect what they are
reading to other books that they have read or
listened to before. A solid text to text
connection occurs when a student is able to
apply what they’ve read from one text to
another text.
Test-To-World Connections – These are
connections where students connect what they
are reading to real events (past or present),
social issues, other people, and happenings
going on in the world. Effective text to world
connections happen when students can use to
enhance their understanding of the text that
they are reading