Elements and

Techniques of Creative
Nonfiction
Lesson 3
 Topic and Question
In pre-writing:
1. Choose a topic.
2. Link possible questions to be answered for you to
identify the areas that you intend to highlight.
Example: In writing a travelogue, you need to formulate
questions like how to get there? What are the amenities or
activities that can be done? The transportation fares and
routes?
 Details and Description
As you write, review the:
1. Subtleties
2. Recollection
3. Pictures
4. Felt feeling
5. Profound importance
 Details and Description
As you write, review the:

6. Utilize tactile symbolism, language that conjures the

feeling of sight, smell, taste, contact, or hearing.
 Sentence Variety
1.Intentional Fragment
Example: A pen. Pad of paper. time, Lots of time.
Experimentation. A creative mind. These are the
requirements of creative writing.

2. Inverted sentence
Example: The book of poetry he wrote. The film, the
script, the special effects, the story, I enjoyed.
 Lyrical Language
Sometimes, a writer will use a lyrical style to express
emotion and evoke emotion in the reader The writing
style is based on the following:
1. Repetition of words, phrases, clauses;
2. Parallel structure;
3. Rhyme;
4. Alliteration and assonance; and
5. sensory imagery.
 Imageries
1. Visual - specifically, your mind’s eye: when you can
visualize the colors, shapes, forms, and aesthetics
of something that’s described to you, the writer is
employing visual imagery.
 Imageries
2. Auditory - Auditory imagery is used to explain things,
ideas and actions using sounds that appeal to our
sense of hearing. It is intended to invoke up sound
images in the minds of the readers. In literature, it
means to use words and literary devices in a way that
they make readers experience sounds when reading.
 Imageries
3. Olfactory - Olfactory imagery is a literary technique
that stimulates the readers’ nose and sense of smell.
When the imagery is created well, the reader should be
able to almost smell what the writer is describing. For
example, when describing the smell of a piece of cake,
a writer might use adjectives like ‘mouthwatering’ or
‘sweet’.
 Imageries
4. Gustatory - Gustatory imagery appeals to our sense
of taste by describing something the narrator or
protagonist tastes. It’s most effective when the author
describes a taste a reader might have experienced
before so they can recall it from their memory.
 Imageries
5. Tactile Kinesthetic - kinesthetic imagery is the
representation of the actions and movements of an
object or a character. William Shakespeare used
anesthesia in his works: In thrilling region of thick-
ribbed ice…” Above, Shakespeare presents the phrases
“warm motion,” and “clod” as kinesthetic imagery. It is
mostly used as a poetic literary device.
 Word Choice/Diction
Check to see that you use language ina fresh and
original way, making note of connotation, the implied
meaning of the word. As well, selecting words with the
best meaning. Meaning refers to diction. Avoid using
cliches and jargon.
 Literaty Devices
Most commonly used by writers:
1.Simile - is an explicit comparison between two or
more things using the words "like" or "as."
Example: My love for you is like this river flow, it
wont stop.
2. Metaphor - an implicit comparison between two or
more things.
Ex.: Your brother is an angel for me.
 Literaty Devices
3. Personification - when a writer gives inanimate
objects or inhuman beings (like animals) human
characterics or attributes.
 Literaty Devices
4. Imagery - a literary device that appeals to the
reader's physical senses.
Ex.: as I unveiled the beige curtain of my cottage's
window. I witnessed a picturesque view of Caramoan. It
was intensively heaven.
 Literaty Devices
5. Assonance - repetition of vowel sounds in every word
in a line or sentence.
Ex.: When we had our vacation, the teachers reached
the beach concert of Meech band.
6. Alliteration - an initial consonant sound is being
repeated the words of a phrase or a sentence.
Ex.: I saw thousands of bats, screeching and
screaming which seemed like they saw hunters and tried
to fly in different directions.
 Literaty Devices
7. Allusion - refers to external people, events or things.
These are people who are not part of the story itself.

Ex.: Don't act like Romeo in front of her.

- Romeo is a reference to Shakespeare's Romeo,
a passionate lover of Juliet in Romeo and Juliet.