MAHNOOR AKBAR

BEF-3293
BS-Economics and Finance 8TH(B)
FINAL YEAR PROJECT
Climate Change And Access To Clean Water In Pakistan
Introduction
• What is climate change and access to clean water?

Climate change is when the Earth's weather patterns change a lot

because of things people do.

Access to clean water means having safe and not dirty water for things
like drinking and cleaning.
Climate Change & Access to Clean Water
Effect
Climate Change
• Disrupted Ecosystem.
• More Frequent And Intense
Droughts.
• Increased Water Demand.
• Changing In Precipitation
Pattern.
• Melting Glaciers.
Clean Water
• Health.
• Education.
• Energy Production.
• Economic Development.
• Food Security.
• Peace And Stability.
Literature Review
Authors Year Country Dependent Variable Independent Variable

2007California Health issues , Population Growth , Agriculture Water Crisis

Jury & Vaux

2011Korea Temperature, Water resources, snow and ice melt Climate Change
Sivakumar
2011london Water quality, farming ,River deltas Climate Change
Vineis et al
2013Bangalore, India water crisis, Water Quality, irrigation Climate Change
Mujumdar
2014 Water and Food Security Climate Change
Misra Bangladesh
2022Pakistan water crisis, Water Quality, Health risk Climate Change
Ishaque, et al.,
2014Pakistan Water crisis Climate change
Hussain, & Mumtaz
2020Pakistan Climate Change
Amanullah, et al., Irrigation Water Quality

2018Pakistan Climate Change

Bano, & Arshad Global warming, water pollution,fresh water
2020Pakistan Water Shortage Climate Change, Temperature
Shahzad, et al.,
Data and Methodology
• This study examines relationship between climate change and access to clean water in
Pakistan.
• Times Series Data from (2001-2020), collected from different organizations such as WDI,
FAO .
Dependent Variable
• Clean Water
Independent Variable
• Government Development Expenditure.
• Mean Temperature.
• Population Growth.
• Precipitation.
• Surface Water Supply.
Unit Root Test
At Level 1st difference

Variables t-Stat P.value t-Stat P.value Int. order

GDE 0.2699 0.9689 -4.8117 0.0016 I(1)

SWS -1.9817 0.2915 -5.0213 0.0009 I(1)

MT -3.6410 0.0148 -6.9622 0.0000 I(0)

P -4.8810 0.0011 -7.7876 0.0000 I(0)

PG -1.5345 0.4895 -2.4156 0.0357 I(1)

CW -1.4061 0.5573 -3.9196 0.0088 I(1)

Autoregressive Distributed Lag Stationary
Model (ARDL)

Variables Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistics Prob.*

CW 0.379447 0.209626 1.810115 0.0977

SWS 3.32 6.24 0.531373 0.6057

MT -0.000478 0.000573 -0.834873 0.4216

P -7.12 3.02 -2.223 0.01719

GDE 0.001331 0.0000462 2.882260 0.0149

PG -0.0001564 0.000920 1.699016 0.1174

Correlation

CW GDE P PG SWS MT

CW 1 0.40 -0.25 -0.05 0.07 0.03

GDE 0.40 1 -0.18 -0.82 0.73 0.26

P -0.25 -0.18 1 -0.14 -0.02 -0.43

PG -0.05 -0.82 -0.14 1 -0.82 -0.20

SWS 0.07 0.73 -0.02 -0.82 1 0.39

MT 0.03 0.26 -0.43 -0.20 0.39 1

Error Correction Mechanism (ECM):

Variables Coefficient S.E T-Stat Prob.

D(Govt) 0.000920 0.00027 3.387 0.182
D(Govt(-1)) -0.00038 0.0003 -1.282 0.42
D(P) 6.61 1.11 5.95 0.10
D(P (-1)) -9.84 8.84 -11.1 0.05
D(Pop) 0.003 0.0004 8.92 0.07
D(Pop (-1)) -0.0021 0.0004 -4.77 0.13

D(Surface) -0.0001 1.83 -5.68 0.11

D(Surface(-1)) -0.000012 2.24 -5.55 0.11
D(MT) 0.0002 0.0001 1.74 0.33
D(MT(-1)) -0.0005 0.0002 -2.97 0.20
CointEq (-1) -0.038 0.03 -12.1 0.05
R-Squared 0.98 Adj R-Sqr 0.95 D.WStat 2.4
Bound Test Result

Level of Significance I(0) Bound I(1) Bound

10% 2.08 3

5% 2.39 3.38

2.5% 2.7 3.73

1% 3.06 4.15

T-Statistics (F-stat) 7.270924

K 5
Conclusion
• Climate change and access to clean water are closely interconnected
global challenges.
• Climate Change badly effect Access to clean water.
• All the variables plays significant role in determining access to clean
water.
• The study highlights the significance of sustainable water
management practices and targeted government investments in
ensuring clean water availability for all.