INTRODUCTION TO

HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
Presented By : Kim Te Estimo, RPh.

DMCCFI-PHARMACY DEPARTMENT | PRELIM

TOPIC 2nd Sem
 1
OBJECTIVES

• Explain and understand what is healthcare

• Discuss the Determinants of Health

• Specify and discuss the relevance of each determinant

• Provide the significance of determinants to pharmacy

 2
HEALTH SYSTEM

A health system, also known as a healthcare system, is a formal framework for a

specific population whose finances, management, scope, and content are
influenced by laws and regulations.
health system provides for services to be delivered to people to contribute to their health.
Defined settings:
￭ Homes
￭ Educational institutions
￭ Workplaces
￭ Public places
￭ Communities
￭ Hospitals
￭ Clinics
(World Health Organization, 2009)
 DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
3

Determinants of Health is a range of personal, social economic, and

environmental factors that influence health status.
 4
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
Broad categories:

Policymaking (i.e. crises and disasters)

Social factors (i.e. psychosocial, socio-cultural, socioeconomic, environmental,

education)

Health services (i.e. accessibility to health care)

Individual behavior (i.e. lifestyle, habits)

Biology and genetics (i.e. heredity)

 5
POLICYMAKING

Local, state, and federal policies all have an impact on both individual and
1 population health.

Some policies affect entire populations over extended periods of time while
2 simultaneously helping to change individual behavior.
 6
SOCIAL FACTORS

Social determinants of health represent the social and physical situations in which
1 people are born, raised, educated, play, work, and age.

Additionally referred to as social and physical determinants of health, and they have
2 an impact on a variety of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes.

Poor health outcomes tend to become worse by the interaction of individuals with
3 their social and physical environments.
 7
SOCIAL FACTORS
Examples of Social Determinants
• Availability of resources to meet daily needs, such as educational and job opportunities,
living wages, or healthful foods
• Social norms and attitudes, such as discrimination
• Exposure to crime, violence, and social disorder
• Social support and social interaction
• Exposure to mass media and emerging technologies
• Socioeconomic conditions, such as concentrated poverty
• Quality schools
• Transportation options
• Public safety
• Residential segregation
 8
SOCIAL FACTORS
Examples of Physical Determinants
• Natural environment, such as plants, weather, or climate change
• Built environment, such as buildings or transportation
• Worksites, schools, and recreational settings
• Housing, homes, and neighbourhoods
• Exposure to toxic substances and other physical hazards
• Physical barriers, especially for people with disabilities
• Aesthetic elements, sucha s good lighting, trees, or benches
 9
HEALTH SERVICES

1 Promoting and maintaining health

2 Preventing and managing disease

3 Reducing unnecessary disability and premature death

4 Health equality for all: Insurance coverage, Health services, and Timelines of care
 10
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR

1 Focus on changing individual behaviors such as substance abuse, diet, and physical
activity

2 Positive changes in individual behavior can reduce the rates of chronic disease
 11
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR
Examples of Individual Behavior Determinants of health
• Diet
• Physical activity
• Alcohol, cigarette, and other drug use
• Hand washing
 12
BIOLOGY AND GENETICS

Biology is the study of life and living organisms, from one-celled creatures to the
1 most complex living organism of all — the human being

Genetics is the science of genes and how traits are passed on from one generation
2 to the next. It is a a branch of biology that deals with the heredity and variation of
organisms.
 13
BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
Examples of Biological and Genetic Social Determinants of health
• Age
• Sex
• HIV status
• Inherited conditions, such as sickle-cell disease, hemophilia, and cystic fibrosis
• Family history of heart disease
• Carrying the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene, which increase the risk for breast and ovarian
cancer
 14
BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
 15
BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
BIOLOGY AND GENETICS 16
QUIZ TIME!
 1

Question

Write one example of Biological and Genetic Social Determinants

of health
 1

Answer
• Age
• Sex
• HIV status
• Inherited conditions, such as sickle-cell disease, hemophilia,
and cystic fibrosis
• Family history of heart disease
• Carrying the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene, which increase the risk for
breast and ovarian cancer
 2

Question
It is a formal framework for a specific population whose finances,
management, scope, and content are influenced by laws and
regulations.
 2

Answer
Health System or Healthcare System
 3

Question
Additionally referred to as social and physical determinants of
health, and they have an impact on a variety of health, functioning,
and quality-of-life outcomes.
 3

Answer
Social Factors
 4

Question
Which among the choices is/are not an example of Social
Determinants?

a. Public safety
b. Availability of resources to meet daily needs
c. Inherited conditions
d. 2 of the above
e. all of the above
f. none of the above
 4

Answer
Which among the choices is/are not an example of Social
Determinants?

a. Public safety
b. Availability of resources to meet daily needs
c. Inherited conditions - Biological and Genetic
d. 2 of the above
e. all of the above
f. none of the above
 5

Question
Which among the choices is/are not an example of Social
Determinants?

a. Public safety
b. Availability of resources to meet daily needs
c. Inherited conditions
d. 2 of the above
e. all of the above
f. none of the above