Determinants of Health

Prof. Anjanette S. De Leon, MAN,

MAEd,RN
 Determinants of Health
Non- modifiable Modifiable
1. AGE 1.Health Behaviors
2. SEX 2.Lifestyle
3. GENETIC 3.Individual
ENDOWMENT Influences
. 4.Interpersonal Image
Influence
5.Community
Influence
6.Environmental
Influence
7. Health Care
System Influence

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 Factors that Influence or Determine the Health of Individuals
and Communities

Non – modifiable Age

•Age increases susceptibility to certain illnesses (e.g.,
the risk of heart disease increases with age for both
genders)
•Risks of birth defects and complications of pregnancy
increase in women bearing children after age 35
 Factors that Influence or Determine the Health of Individuals and
Communities

NON-MODIFIABLE

•Many kinds of cancer pose a greater risk for persons over

age 45 than for younger persons.

•Often closely associated with other risk factors, such as

family history and personal habits.
Educate patients about the importance of regularly
scheduled checkups for their age­group
Factors that Influence or Determine the Health of Individuals
and Communities
NON-MODIFIABLE
Sex - influences distribution of diseases      

Females/ Males:  osteoporosis /stomach ulcers; autoimmune

disorders/ abdominal hernias; lupus /resp. diseases; rheum. arthritis/
ASHD; anorexia/bulimia hemorrhoids; gallbladder disease/ TB;
thyroid disease; obesity
 Factors that Influence or Determine the Health of Individuals
and Communities

NON-MODIFIABLE
Genetic Endowment

•Individual biology

•Genetic makeup and physical and mental health

 Factors that Influence or Determine the Health of
Individuals and Communities

Physical Environment
•Where a person works or lives increases the likelihood that
certain illnesses will occur

•A person's home environment often includes conditions that

pose risks, such as unclean, poorly heated or cooled, or
overcrowded dwellings which increases the likelihood that a
person will contract and spread infections and other diseases.
 Factors that Influence or Determine the Health of Individuals and
Communities

•Some kinds of cancer and other diseases are more likely to develop
when industrial workers are ex­posed to certain chemicals or when
people live near toxic waste disposal sites

•Screening for these environmentally based risk factors is directed

at the short-term effects of the exposure and the potential for long-
term effects (Edelman and Mandle, 2002).
Factors that Influence or Determine the Health of Individuals and
Communities
Modifiable
Health Behavior
Responses, actions, and reactions to in­ternal stimuli and
external conditions are able to influence health through
their interaction with each other and with the person's
social and physical environments
 Factors that Influence or Determine the Health of
Individuals and Communities

Modifiable
Lifestyle
•Lifestyle practices and behaviors have positive or negative
ef­fects on health.
•Practices with potential negative effects are risk factors.
 Factors that Influence or
Determine the Health of
Examples Individuals and Communities
LIFESTYLE
•Include overeating or poor nutrition, insufficient rest and
sleep, and poor personal hygiene.

•Other habits that put a person at risk for illness include

tobacco use, alcohol or drug abuse, and activities involving a
threat of injury such as skydiving or mountain climbing.
• Some habits are risk factors for specific diseases ( e.g.
excessive sunbathing increases the risk of skin cancer, and being
overweight increases the risk of cardiovascular disease)
• Educate your patients and the public on wellness-
promoting lifestyle behaviors.
 Factors Affecting Health Status
1. Individual Influences

2. Interpersonal Influence

•Interpersonal influences are a person's perceptions

concerning the behaviors, beliefs, or attitudes of others.
 Factors Affecting Health Status

3. Interpersonal Influence
•Family, peers, and health professionals are sources of interpersonal influences that
can influence a person's health-promoting behaviors.
•Includes expectations of significant others, social support (e.g., emotional
encouragement), and learning through observing others or modeling .
 Factors Affecting Health
Status

4. Community Influence

• Cultural/social interactions influence how a person perceives, experiences, and

copes with health and illness

• Cultures have distinctive ideas about health, and these are transmitted from
parents to children

• Home remedies may be perceived as superior to conventional medicines

• Social support networks Family, friends, confidantes, co-workers

 
5. ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE
GEOGRAPHY
•determines climate
which effects health
•tropics - malaria   •Acid rain - main component is
•climate - asthma
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ENVIRONMENT
•Pollution - air, water, soil
•Carcinogens - asbestos
•Radiation - machines, UV
Ion sulfur dioxide of industrial origin;
thought to damage forests, lakes,
rivers
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 Factors Affecting Health Status

6. Health Care System Influence

6.1.Rural environments present unique challenges for

health care access. shortages of medical personnel
in rural areas
6.2.Transportation and distance barriers to care
6.3.Increasing economic destabilization of rural health care services.
 References:

• Potter PA., Stockert P.A, Perry, A.G., Hall, A.M(2018). Fundamentals of Nursing. Elsevier(Singapore)Pte.Ltd

• Svalastog, AL., Donev,D, Kristofferson N.J. and Gajovic S. (2017).Concepts and definitions of health and health-related values
in the knowledge landscapes of the digital society. Croat Med J. 2017 Dec; 58(6): 431–435.doi: 10.3325/cmj.2017.58.431

Images:

• https://www.canstockphoto.com/illness-health-buttons-show-sickness-or-16179545.html

• https://www.123rf.com/photo_56814338_stock-illustration-wellness-or-illness-good-or-bad-health-road-sign-3d-illustration.htm
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PRESENTATION TITLE LINE

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