Factors that influence Health

Dr. dr. Shirley I. Moningkey MKes

Community and Family Medicine Department
 HIPPOCRATES

– Observed that the health of a people could be

understood in terms of:
• THE WINDS AND THE CHARACTER OF THE AIR
• THE WATER THAT THEY DRINK
• THE LAY OF THE LAND
• THE HABITS OF THE PEOPLE

c 600 BCE
 Influences on Health
• Ecological perspective
– Multiple factors and pathways
• Risk factors
– Increase likelihood of condition or disease
• Social and cultural determinants
– Social status and standing
• Global health influences
– Population, pollution, poverty and more
Determinants of Disease

Lack of Access
to Medical Care
11%

Be havio r/ Prot ecting A go vern Po licies a

48% 16% 47% 27%

Environment
16% Behavior/Lifestyle
48%

Genetic
Composition
25%
Evans & Stoddart Field Model of Health and Well-Being

Social Physical Genetic

Environment Environment Endowment

Individual
Response
- Behavior
- Biology

Health
& Disease Health
Function Care

Well-Being Prosperity

Source: RG Evans & GL Stoddart, "Producing Health, Consuming Resources" Chapter in

Why Are Some People Healthy and Not Others, Ed. RG Evans, ML Barer, and TR Marmor.
Hubungan status kesehatan , perilaku dan
pendidikan kesehatan
keturunan

Pelayanan kes. Status kesehatan Lingkungan

perilaku

Proses perubahan

Predisposing factors Enabling factors Reinforcing factors

Pemberdayaan
Komunikasi Masy. Training
penyuluhan

Pendidikan/ promiso
 Discussion
• Population, poverty, and pollution are sometimes cited
as the 3 most important factors influencing global
health status today. After examining the
World Health Organization (WHO) web site, briefly cite
your reasons for agreeing or disagreeing with this
assertion using a specific country or region of the world
as an example.
 Genetic Influences
• Race
• Sex
• Genetically Transmitted Diseases
 Behavioral Influences
• Tobacco use
• Unhealthy diet
• Inadequate activity
• Alcohol and drug use
• Risky sexual behaviors
• Behaviors leading to intentional/unintentional injury
 Environmental Influences

Indirect Health Risks Direct Health Risks

• Adequate housing
• Family composition
• Education level of parents
• Economic status of parents
• culture
• Infectious disease exposure
• Toxic substance exposure
• Radiation exposure
• Violence exposure