Sedimentary Basins of India

&
Petroliferous basins of India
 Sedimentary Basins of India
1. Andaman Nicobar
2. Assam Arakan fold belt
3. Assam Shelf
4. Bastar.
5. Bengal
6. Bhima -Kaladgi
7. Cambay
8. Cauvery
9. Cuddapah
10. Ganga
11. Himalayan foreland
12. Kerala-Konkan
13. Kerawa
14. Krishna-Godavari
15. Kutch
16. Lakshadweep
17. Mahanadi basin
18. Mumbai offshore
19. Narmada
20. Pranhita-Godavari
21. Rajasthan Basin
22. Saurashtra
23. Spiti-Zanskar
24. Satpura
25. South Rewa-Damodar
26. Vindhyan
 Vindhyan Basin
 Vindhyan Basin is classic example of Proterozoic
intracontinental basin.
 The Vindhyan basin containing of 5000m thick
sequence of sandstones, shales and limestone.
 The Vindhyan strata define a broad, regional
syncline trending ENE-WSW.

 Stratigraphy
 Semri Group
 Kaimur Group
 Rewa Group
 Bhander Group

 Source rock:
• Hinota and Pulkova shales with organic carbon
contents of up to 3.89% and 1.86% respectively
are considered to be having good potential as
source rocks

 Reservoir rock:
 Sandstones and limestones of Lower Vindhyan
and Upper Vindhyan sequences are potential
reservoir rocks.
 Category- IV
Sedimentary Basins of India
Category- III
Category- I
Category -II
 Types of Area Hydrocarbon Basins/ Region
Basins (sq. Prospectivity
Km)
Category- I 518500 Estimated commercial Cambay, Assam Shelf, Mumbai
(7 Basins) production offshore, Krishna Godavari,
Cauvery , Assam Arakan fold belt
and Rajasthan
Category- II 164000 Known accumulation of Kutch, Mahanadi-NEC &
(3 Basins) hydrocarbon but no Andaman Nicobar
commercial production
as yet
Category- III 641000 Indicated hydrocarbon Himalayan foreland, Ganga,
(6 Basins) shows that are Vindhyan, Saurashtra, Kerala-
considered geologically Kondan- Lakshadweep & Bengal
prospectivity.
Category- IV 461200 Uncertain potential Karewa, Spiti-Zanskar, Satpura-
(10 Basins) which may be South Rewa-Damodar, Narmada,
prospective by analogy Deccan Syncline, Bhima-Kaladgi,
with similar basins in the Cuddapah, Pranhita-Godavari,
world. Bastar, Chhattisgarh
 Sedimentary Basins Of India
Total 26 sedimentary basins have been recognized and they
are divided into four categories based on their degree of
hydrocarbon prospectivity.

The sedimentary basins of India, onland and shallow

offshore, up to the 200m isobath, area is about 1.79 million
sq. km.

In the deep water offshore beyond the 200m isobath, the

sedimentary area has been estimated about 1.35 million sq.
km.

The total area of sedimentary basins in Indian scenario

works out to 3.14 million sq. km.
 Categorization of indian sedimentary basins

Category- I Basin is the petroliferous basins with proved hydrocarbon reserves

and where commercial production has already started. These basins are: Assam
shelf, Tripura, Bombay offshore, Cambay, Cauvery and Krishna-Godavari
Basins.

Category – II basin comprises with occurrence of hydrocarbons but from which

no commercial production has been obtained yet. These basins are: Kutch-
Sourastra & MBA( Mahanadi, Bengal & Andaman) Basins.

Category – III basin comprises with no significant oil & gas shows but which are
considered to be prospective on G&G analysis. These are mainly todays Frontier
basins : Himalayan foreland, Ganga Basin, Vindhyan basin etc.

Category – IV basin comprises uncertain prospects. It includes the basins which

bear an analogy with hydrocarbon producing basins in the world. Deccan Plateau,
Cuddapah & Chhattisgarh Syncline etc.
Category- I

Basins with commercial 7 2

hydrocarbons production. 6
1

1. Cambay 3

2. Assam shelf 4
3. Bombay offshore 5
4. Krishna-Godavari
5. Cauvery
6. Assam-Arakan fold belt
7. Rajasthan
Category- II

Basins with known accumulation

of hydrocarbon but from which
no commercial production.

8. Kutch
9. Mahanadi
10. Andaman-Nicobar
Category-III 11
12
13 16
14
Basins geologically considered prospective
with hydrocarbons. 15

11. Himalayan foothills

12. Ganga basin
13. Vindhyan
14. Kutch-Saurashtra
15. Kerala-Konkan-Lakshadeep
16. Bengal
Category- IV

Basins with uncertain prospects which may be

prospective on analogy with similar basin in the world.

17. Karewa
18. Spiti- Zanskar
19. Satpura- south Rewa- Damodar
20. Narmada
21. Deccan Syneclise
22. Bhima- Kaladgi
23. Cuddapah
24. Pranhita- Godavari
25. Bastar
26. Chhattisgarh
Deep water basins

Western offshore basin

Mumbai offshore and

Kerala Kankan offshore

In western offshore basin the

reservoirs are mainly carbonates
and maximum production of oil is
from this basin.
Deep water basins

East coast offshore basins

Cauvery offshore
KG offshore and
MBA offshore

In east cost offshore the

reservoirs are mainly clastics
and & rich in gaseous
hydrocarbon.
Assam and Assam-Arakan basin
Assam shelf
Arakan fold belt
 Western onland basin

1. Rajasthan basin
2. Cambay basin
3. Kutch basin
4. Saurastra basin
 The Rajasthan shelf is carved out
into a number of basins

• Jaisalmer basin
• Bikaner-Nagar basin
• Barmer basin

Major oil and gas fields

Ghotaru, Khartar, Banika, Bakhri tibba,
sadewala tibba, Chinnewala tibba, Miajalar.
The Cambay basin :

The Cambay basin occupies an area of

approximately 54,000 sq.Km.

The Cambay shale is the main source rock in this

basin.
Cambay basin divided into five tectonic blocks form north to
south:

1. Sanchor – Patan block

2. Mehsana – Ahmedabad block

3. Tarapur – Cambay block

4. Jambusar – Broach block

5. Narmada – Tapti block

Major oil fields of Cambay basin

Mehsana Block- Kadi, Santhal, Balol, Sobhsan,

Nandasan, Linch, Jotana, Bechrajee, Langhnaj, Mansa,
Mewad etc.

Ahmedabad block-
Kalol, Wadu- Paliyad, Nawagam, Nandej, Ahmedabad,
Wasna, Jhalora, sanand, limbodra, gamij, asmali etc.

Ankleshwar block-
Ankleshwar, motera, sisodra, kim, kosamba, gandhar,
pakhajan, nada, dabka, jambusar, padra, karzan
etc.
 Western offshore basin

Mumbai offshore basin

&
Kerala-Konkan offshore basin
BOMBAY OFFSHORE BASIN:

Extending from Saurashtra Coast in

the North to Vengurla arch near Goa in
the South covering an area of about
1,20,000 sq.km. up to 200 m isobaths.

Tectonically the basin can be

subdivided into Surat depression,
Bombay High, Ratnagiri block, Shelf
margin basin and the Shelf-edge
basement arc.

Bombay Offshore Basin is producing

nearly 70% oil and gas of India’s total
hydrocarbon production. Major
reservoirs are the Carbonates.

The Cauvery Basin is
subdivided into six sub-basin:-
1. Ariyalur Pondicherry
2. Tranquebar
3. Thannjavur
4. Nagapatinam
5. Ramnad Palk Bay
6. Mannar sub-basin.
Cauvery basin
Major oil and gas fields of cauveri
basin
Narimanam, Adiyakkamangalam,
Nannilam, Mattur, Kamlapuram,
Kuthanalur, Tirvarur, Kovilkalappam,
Bhuvnagiri, Vijayapuram, Pundi,
Kuthalam, Ramnad etc.
 Kumbakonam ridge
Tranquebar sub-basin Karaikal ridge

Nagapattinam
Sub-basin

Vedaranyam ridge

Pattukottai ridge

3D view at Basement level showing various structural elements

19/01/2024 30
Cauvery basin, india
 Andaman- Nicobar basin
 The Andaman-Nicobar basin represents a typical
Island arc system.
 The basin came into existence as a result of the
northward movement and anticlockwise rotation of
the Island Plate and its under thrusting under the
Asian plate in the Cretaceous time.
 Subduction progressed, the outer High Arc
complex started rising steeply, thereby creating a
depression or a Fore Arc basin between volcanic
Arc and the Outer High Arc.
 Continued thrusting caused uplift and formation of
the Andaman Nicobar Ridge as a chain of Islands.
The Andaman chain of Islands form a part of geo-
tectonic regime.
 Tectonic History of Andaman-Nicobar Basin:
• The Andaman-Nicobar Basin has evolved through a
complex history of tectonics associated with the
convergent plate boundaries between Indian plate
and west Burmese plate.
• The Andaman-Nicobar basin was initiated with
northward drift of Indian plate with respect to Asia.
• The collision of Indian/Eurasian plates initiated along
the irregular boundary and occurred at the same time
as the oceanic subduction beneath the southern
Eurasia.
• The continental collision slowed down the oceanic
spreading rates in the Indian Ocean and slowed
down the subduction velocity along the Sunda arc
system.
 Andaman- Nicobar basin

 Tectonic elements of Andaman-Nicobar

basin:

• Andaman Trench/Inner slope

• Outer High/Trench slope break
• Fore Arc Basin
• Volcanic Arc
• Back Arc Basin
• Mergui Terrace