UNIT II

Leveraging Information
Systems
Business Process
integration and
Enterprise Systems
Business Process Integration
Business Process Integration (BPI) is essential for businesses looking to
connect systems and information efficiently. BPI allows for automation of
business processes, integration of systems and services, and the secure sharing
of data across numerous applications.

It provides the technology to automate business processes within the

organization as well across customers, partners, and suppliers.
Need for BPI

Enterprises strive to synchronous their internal processes and to also bring

connectivity to external processes, like supply and customer related processes. For
instance, BPI could be had by linking processes of marketing, sales, and purchases
with those of accounting and support. Through automation, enterprises would be
readily equipped to drive new business.
Following are three types of BPIs that
ensure synchronous business processes:
Process Trigger
Activity in a particular system will trigger a process in the Business Process Management.
Pull
This involves automatic transference of information from any particular system to the
BPM, thereby allowing the various process users to access it.
Push
Push is where the data is transferred from the BPM to another system. For instance, a
process is a recruitment so that the HRM system could be transferred with the selected
candidate’s information.
Enterprise Systems
What is Enterprise?

At the time a customer places an order, for example, the salesperson might not be
able to tell him whether the desired items are in inventory or are to be produced.
To overcome such difficulties, in recent years, many organizations have opted to
replace several distinct information systems with a single integrated system that
can support business activities for different business functions. Such systems are
called enterprise systems.
Enterprise Systems

An enterprise system, also known as enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, is a

cross-functional information system that provides organization-wide coordination and
integration of the key business processes and helps in planning the resources of an
organization.

With the help of enterprise resource planning systems, information can flow seamlessly
across the firm. Also, different business processes from sales, production, manufacturing,
logistics, and human resources,can be integrated into organization-wide business processes.

An ERP system is driven by the ERP software suite-a set of integrated software
modules–and a common centralized database. The software modules support the basic
business processes under different functional areas and the database stores data from and
feed the data to various applications supporting the internal business activities.
Enterprise resource planning, supply chain management, and customer
relationship management systems are examples of enterprise systems.

These systems are used as a central command hub to help automate the business and
make reporting and decision making easier.
 Nowadays, a variety of ERP software offered by different software vendors
is available in the market.
Some major enterprise resource planning software along with their vendors
are:

Corporations that employ enterprise software

include:

● Big box stores

● Marketing agencies
 Enterprise System Overview
Enterprise systems integrate a number of different applications, protocols and
formats. In doing so, an enterprise system allows companies to integrate business
processes, such as sales, deliveries and accounts receivable, by sharing information
across business functions and employee hierarchies. These systems can replace
multiple independent systems that may or may not interact with other systems and
that process data to support particular business functions or processes.

For example, enterprise resource planning supports the entire sales process that
includes pre-sales activities, sales orders, inventory sourcing, deliveries, billing and
customer payments. Enterprise resource planning, supply chain management and
customer relationship management systems are each examples of enterprise
systems.
 Enterprise
resource planning

Three Different Types supply chain management

of Enterprise
Systems
customer relationship
management
Enterprise Resource Planning
The enterprise resource planning system integrates software applications, such as
purchasing, finance, human resources and inventory management. Within an ERP
system, the integrated software modules, such as sales, quality management and
accounts receivable, communicate and share data. Each of these modules consists of
multiple applications that execute end-to-end business processes. For example, the
sales module includes the applications necessary to create and manage sales
contracts, sales orders, sales invoices and sales order pricing. ERP applications
support not only various operational and administrative tasks, such as the creation
of an account payable or a timesheet, they may also be customized to support a
number of different industries, including oil and gas, retail and banking.
 Customer Relationship Management
Customer relationship management systems were developed to address the need to raise a sales
department’s productivity and provide an effective way to increase sales. With CRM functions,
such as sales opportunity management, a company learns more about its customers’ needs and
buying behavior and combines this information with market information to enhance the quality
of the company’s marketing plans and sales forecasts.

Other attributes of the CRM system include integration with other systems and accessibility
via mobile devices, allowing employees to update and compare data and to access information
from any client site or other location. Equally importantly, CRM supports mass e-mail
communications and automates the sales process workflow to improve employee productivity.
Supply Chain Management
A supply chain is the collection of people, tasks, equipment, data and other resources
required to produce and move products from a vendor to a customer. Supply chain
management refers to the management of supply chain activities in an effective and
efficient way to provide a company with a strategic advantage.

These activities may include product development, material sourcing, production and
logistics as well as the information systems that coordinate these activities. Information
flows allow supply chain partners to coordinate their strategic and operational plans as
well as the day-to-day flow of goods and materials through the supply chain. The physical
flows include the manufacture, transport and storage of goods or materials
ICT forDevelopment
E- Governance
ICT(Information and Communication Technology)
E-Governance
E-Governance
● The implementation of information technology in the government process
and functions so as to cause simple, moral, accountable and transparent
governance.
● The basic purpose of e-governance is to simplify processes for all i.e.
government, citizen, business , national, State and local levels
● Also known as Electronic governance
● application of information and communication technology (ICT) for
delivering government services
● exchange of information, communication transactions
● integration of various stand-alone systems & services between
government-to-customer (G2C), government-to- business (G2B),
government-to-government (G2G) Introduction
E- governance delivers SMART government

●S -Simple
●M -Moral
●A -Accessible
●R -Responsive
●T - Transparent Government
ICT and E-Governance
The ICT field has seen lots of technological advancement in recent time and India has been at the forefront of
the IT revolution so ICT has facilitated the Government services and prepare them to serve the need of
diverse society, It is the most recent paradigm in public administration.

E-governance means achieving the goals of public welfare state by using Information and Communication
Technology in government activities and projects.

E-governance in India has started with the rapid adoption of digital technology in the Government
departments, the government of India has launched the e-governance scheme in the country in late 90’s, after
that the Central Government Approved the national e-governance plan on 8th may 2006.
The Plan consists of the 27 mission mode project and 8 parts to promote e-governance initiative in India.

The department of Information and Communication Technology and Department of administrative reforms
and public grievances prepared the blueprint of the national e-governance.
Advantages of E-governance
● Reduce corruption
● High transparency
● Increased Convenience
● Direct Participation of constituents
● Reduction in Overall cost.
● Expanded reach of government
Types Of E-Governance
●Government to Citizen(G2C)
●Government to Business(G2B)
●Government to
Government(G2G)
●Government to Employee(G2E)
Examples:
● http://agriculture.gov.in/7/12

● https://portal1.passportindia.gov.in/AppOnlineProject/welc

omeLink
● https://bhulekh.mahabhumi.gov.in
Government to Citizen (G2C)
Initiatives
1) Computerization of rural Land Records
2) Bhoomi Project (Karnataka)
3) Gyandoot (Madhya Pradesh)
4) e-Mitra Project (Rajasthan)
5) e-Seva (Andhra Pradesh)
6) Admission to Professional Colleges through Common Entrance Test (CET)
7) Online platform mygov.nic.in
8) e-Kranti scheme
9) Mobile Seva service
Examples:
● https://etenders.gov.in/eprocure/app
● IT refers to the interaction between different government
departments, organizations and agencies .

● Example, Central to state

● In G2G, government agencies can share the same database using

online communication.
Example:
● https://www.epfindia.gov.in/site_en/index.php
● It covers 3 main factors :
● Salary/PF
● Training
● Schedule
Knowledge
Management System
Introduction
What is Knowledge?
● Personalized information
● State of knowing and understanding
● An object to be stored and manipulated
● A process of applying expertise
● A condition of access to information
● Potential to influence action
Sources of Knowledge of an Organization

● Intranet
● Data warehouses and knowledge repositories
● Decision support tools
● Groupware for supporting collaboration
● Networks of knowledge workers
● Internal expertise
Activities in Knowledge Management
● Start with the business problem and the business value to be delivered first.
● Identify what kind of strategy to pursue to deliver this value and address the
KM problem.
● Think about the system required from a people and process point of view.
● Finally, think about what kind of technical infrastructure are required to support
the people and processes.
● Implement system and processes with appropriate change management
and iterative staged release.
Level of Knowledge Management