INSECTS OF VETERINARY IMPORTANCE

(ZOO-446)

COURSE CREDIT HOURS 3 (3+0)

UNDER-GRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAM

PROF DR MUHAMMAD FAHEEM MALIK

UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT
PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

(muhammad.faheem@uog.edu.pk)
 (WEEK 09)
LECTURES-17 TO 18
 SESSION CONTENTS
Insect and some other arthropods transmitting
diseases vectors with emphasis on housefly

3
Learning Objectives

4
 Learning Objectives

 To study insect and some other

arthropods transmitting diseases
vectors with emphasis on
housefly

5
 INTENDED
LEARNING OUTCOMES OF
COURSE (ILOC)

6
 ILOC
 After this session it is expected
that the scholars shall able to
explain insect and some other
arthropods transmitting diseases
vectors with emphasis on housefly

7
READING
MARTIAL

8
 Teaching
Methodology
READING MARTIAL
Books Recommended

o Dujardin, J. P. (2008). Morphometrics applied

to medical entomology. Infection, Genetics and
Evolution, 8(6), 875-890.

o Eldridge, B. F., & Edman, J. D. (Eds.).

(2012). Medical entomology: a textbook on
public health and veterinary problems caused
by arthropods. Springer Science & Business
Media. 9
 Teaching
Methodology

READING MARTIAL
Books Recommended

o Fefferman, N. H., Traniello, J. F., Rosengaus,

R. B., & Calleri, D. V. (2007). Disease
prevention and resistance in social insects:
modeling the survival consequences of
immunity, hygienic behavior, and colony
organization. Behavioral Ecology and
Sociobiology, 61(4), 565-577.
10
 Teaching
Methodology

READING MARTIAL
Books Recommended

o Gerade, B. B., Lee, S. H., Scott, T. W., Edman,

J. D., Harrington, L. C., Kitthawee, S., ... &
Clark, J. M. (2004). Field validation of Aedes
aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) age estimation by
analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons. Journal of
medical entomology, 41(2), 231-238.

11
 Teaching
Methodology

READING MARTIAL
Books Recommended

o Gifford-Gonzalez, D. (2000). Animal

disease challenges to the emergence of
pastoralism in sub-Saharan
Africa. African Archaeological
Review, 17(3), 95-139.

12
 Teaching
Methodology
READING MARTIAL
Books Recommended

o Guzmán-Cornejo, C., Herrera-Mares, A.,

Ugalde-Medina, A., López-Pérez, A. M., Del
Castillo-Martínez, L., Acosta-Gutiérrez, R., ...
& Morales-Malacara, J. B. (2020). Arthropods
associated with mammals. Their importance as
part of the richness in a Biosphere Reserve in
Mexico. Journal of Medical
Entomology, 57(3), 780-787.
13
 Teaching
Methodology
READING MARTIAL
Books Recommended
o Isman, M. B. (2006). Botanical insecticides,
deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and
an increasingly regulated world. Annu. Rev.
Entomol., 51, 45-66.

o Keppers, J. L., Skoruppa, M. K., Woodin, M. C., &

Hickman, G. C. (2008). Use of artificial burrows by
Western Burrowing Owls and other vertebrates during
winter in southern Texas. Bulletin of the Texas
Ornithological Society, 41, 59-64.
14
 Teaching
Methodology
READING MARTIAL
Books Recommended
o Kettle, D. S. (1984). Medical and veterinary
entomology. Croom Helm Ltd.
o Khater, H. F. (2012). Prospects of botanical
biopesticides in insect pest
management. Pharmacologia, 3(12), 641-656.
o Kimberling, D. N. (2004). Lessons from history:
predicting successes and risks of intentional
introductions for arthropod biological
control. Biological Invasions, 6(3), 301-318.

15
 Teaching
Methodology
READING MARTIAL
Books Recommended
o Lane, R. P., & Crosskey, R. W. (2012). Medical
insects and arachnids. Springer Science & Business
Media. Harwood, R.F. and James, M.T., 1979.
Entomology in Human and
o Mackenzie, J., Lindsay, M., & Daniels, P. (2000). The
effect of climate on the incidence of vector-borne
viral diseases in Australia: the potential value of
seasonal forecasting. In Applications of seasonal
climate forecasting in agricultural and natural
ecosystems (pp. 429-452). Springer, Dordrecht.
16
 Teaching
Methodology
READING MARTIAL
Books Recommended
o Merritt, R. W. (2013). Perspectives in Urban
Entomology. Perspectives in Urban Entomology, 125.
o Mullen, G. R., & Durden, L. A. (Eds.). (2009). Medical
and veterinary entomology. Academic press.
o Nakamura, A., Catterall, C. P., House, A. P., Kitching,
R. L., & Burwell, C. J. (2007). The use of ants and
other soil and litter arthropods as bio-indicators of the
impacts of rainforest clearing and subsequent land
use. Journal of Insect Conservation, 11(2), 177-186.

17
 Teaching
Methodology
READING MARTIAL
Books Recommended
o Thrusfield, M. (2018). Veterinary epidemiology. John
Wiley & Sons.
o Tyagi, B. K., Munirathinam, A., & Venkatesh, A.
(2015). A catalogue of Indian
mosquitoes. International Journal of Mosquito
Research, 2(2), 50-97.
o Ward, R. D. (2005). Medical Entomology for Students
3rd Edn. By MW Service, pp. 285. Cambridge
University Press UK, 2004. ISBN 0 521 54775
X. Parasitology, 131(3), 436-436.
18
 Teaching
Methodology

o THE LECTURE PPTs and referred

ready material is uploaded on
HELP account and has also been
emailed to all participants.

19
 HOUSEFLY
AND
VETERINARY
DISEASES
 HOUSEFLY
(MUSCA DOMESTICA)
 (Housefly Classification)

Kingdom -- Animalia
Phylum -- Arthropoda
S-class -- Hexapoda
Class --Insecta
Infra-class -- Pterygota
Sub-class --
Endopterygota
Section --
Neopterygota
Order
– Diptera

Family –Muscidae 22
 (Housefly Morphology)

https://bugguide.net/images/cache/YKN/RHQ/
YKNRHQURXQCQW0R0703Q40JQ403QU0H0SQS0P000SQCRE0S0SQORIQ1RHQTQP0L0E0H0SQQ0U0007QDR7QAR70FQHQB 23
R.jpg
 (Housefly Habitat & Habit)
HOUSEFLY HABITAT:
• Musca domestica cosmopolitan lives in close
relation to human and domesticated animals
• Commonly hovering around homes, food
markets, and farms in search of food from
decaying matter, garbage, feces, and human
food
HOUSEFLY HABIT:
Adult houseflies are diurnal and rest at night
and are omnivores (prefers sweets, liquids and
rotting) having spongy mouth parts. Maggots
mostly feeds on rotting food and meat
24
 (Housefly Lifecycle)

https://bestpestcontroluk.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/house-fly-lifecycle.gif 25
 HOUSEFLY
TRANSMITTED
DISEASES
 Housefly Diseases
Houseflies mechanical transmits through it’s
saliva and excreta:
Helminthic eggs
Protozoa cysts / Trophozoites
Bacteria
Virus
Fungi

Through human activities like food spots,

food centers, food markets, fish markets, and
slaughterhouses and hospitals
BACTERIAL DISEASES
SPREAD BY
HOUSEFLY
 Important
HELMINTHIC
Diseases in Vets

29
 Helminthic Diseases in Vets

HELMINTHIC parasites cause

gastrointestinal problems with following
clinical signs
Symptoms:
• Anorexia (avoid food intake)
• Diarrhea (indigested food
discharged from the bowel)
• Emaciation ( being abnormal or weak)
• Anaemia (bleeding in faeces)
30
 Important
PROTOZOA
Diseases in Vets

31
 Protozoa Diseases in Vets

Protozoan parasites are unicellular

flagellated or non-flagellated
organisums

Trophozoite is the activated

feeding stage in the life cycle of
certain parasitic protozoa
(Plasmodium falciparum) causes
malaria fever 32
 Bacterial Diseases in Vets

Protozoan parasites cause problems in cattle with

following clinical signs:
• Fever
• Swollen peripheral lymph nodes or mucous
membranesa
• Anaemia
• Nasal discharge
• Salivation
• Jaundice
• Rapid and shallow breathing
• Watery eyes
33
 Protozoa Diseases in Vets
1) Protozoan (Eimeria spp) commonly known
Coccidiosis causes intestinal tract infection in
poultry, goat, sheep, rabbit, and horse with
symptoms of dysentery

2) Protozoan Theileria parva causes East Coast

fever is small ruminate with high fever,
swelling of the lymph nodes, dyspnea
(breath less) and ultimate mortality

3) Protozoan ammonia collie causes amoebiasis

( dysentery) 34
 Important
BACTERIAL
Diseases in Vets

35
 Bacterial Diseases in Vets

1) TUBERCULOSIS (TB)
2) GLANDERS PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS
3) PLAGUE
4) BOTULISM DISEASE
5) ENTERITIS (JOHNE'S DISEASE)
6) PNEUMONIA
8) ANTHRAX
7) ANAEMIA
9) MENINGITIS
10) HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA
11) FOOD POISONING
36
 Bacterial Diseases in Vets

1) TUBERCULOSIS (TB):
Mycobacterium tuberculosis attacks lungs
with other parts like kidney, spine, and
brain
Few animals are resistant thus are not
infected with TB bacteria becomes sick
Symptoms:
• Regular fever
• Cough with blood
37
 Bacterial Diseases in Vets
2) GLANDERS PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS:
• Caused by the Burkholderia mallei
bacterium
• Effects horse, mule and donkey
Symptoms:
• Nasal mucosa
• Fever with chills and sweating.
• Light sensitivity (sometimes with
excessive tearing of the eyes)
38
 Bacterial Diseases in Vets

3) PLAGUE:
A bacterium disease caused by
Yersinia pestis (Housefly picks
the bacterium from rotten flea)

39
 Bacterial Diseases in Vets

SYSTEMS OF PLAGUE:
 Bleeding out of the cochlea
(Inner ear) after 12 hrs of infection
 Gangrene / Necrosis (Death of a
considerable mass of body tissue)
 Coma / unconsciousness
 Heavy breathing
Continuous blood vomiting
 Coughing
 Gastrointestinal problems
40
 Bacterial Diseases in Vets

4) BOTULISM DISEASE:
• Rare but deadly diseases causes by
toxin produces by Clostridium
butyricum or Clostridium baratii
bacteria

• The toxin attacks nerves system and

causes difficulty breathing, muscle
paralysis results in death
41
 Bacterial Diseases in Vets

5) ENTERITIS (JOHNE'S DISEASE):

Clostridium difficile bacterium
causes the disease in bovine
Symptoms:
Swelling or inflammation of
the small intestines causes
diarrhea
42
 Bacterial Diseases in Vets

6) PNEUMONIA:
Streptococcus pneumoniae (also
called pneumococcus bacteria)

Symptoms:
Lung inflammation (double
pneumonia both lungs or single
pneumonia)
43
 Bacterial Diseases in Vets

7) ANAEMIA:
Helicobacter pylori bacteria
causes Anaemia
Animals having iron
deficiency are mot effected
Symptoms:
Visible blood in feces red
blood 44
 Bacterial Diseases in Vets

8) ANTHRAX:
Caused by Bacillus anthracis in
cattle and sheep
Symptoms:
• High fever
• Blood may be present around the
nose, mouth and anus
• Sudden death
45
 Bacterial Diseases in Vets
9) MENINGITIS:
Infectious may be caused in Dogs and
occasionally horses by:
• Bacterial
• Viral
• Fungal
• Protozoa
Symptoms:
• Regular fever
• Hyperesthesia (skin sensitivity)
• Neck rigidity 46
 Bacterial Diseases in Vets

10) HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA:

Caused by Pasteurella multocida in
buffalo and cattle in tropical regions
Symptoms:
• Subcutaneous swelling in the pharyngeal
region that extends to the ventral neck
and brisket (and sometimes the forelimbs)
• Respiratory distress
• Diarrhea
47
 Bacterial Diseases in Vets
11) FOOD POISONING:
Bacteria like Salmonella, E. coli, shigella,
Bacillus cereus and listeria can cause food
poisoning. The bacteria is found in spoiled,
moldy or raw food raw food by cat, dog or
big animals
Symptoms:
• Vomiting (with or without blood) and
diarrhea and loss of appetite
• Coughing and racing heart rate
• Excessive salivation, thirst and Frequent
urination
48
Questions ??????

49
 Take Home Questions

 Write a note on Musca domestica.

 Enlist the causal agents carried by the housefly.
 Write a note on the Helminthic disease.
 Enlist the diseases caused by protozoa in
veterinary animals of Pakistan.
 Enlist the diseases caused by bacteria in
veterinary animals of Pakistan.
 Write a note on Tuberculosis (TB).
 Write a note on Glanders Pseudotuberculosis.
 Write a note on plague.
50
 Take Home Questions

 Write a note on botulism disease.

 Write a note on enteritis (johne's disease).
 Write a note on pneumonia.
 Write a note on anthrax.
 Write a note on anaemia.
 Write a note on meningitis.
 Write a note on hemorrhagic septicemia.
 Write a note on bacterial food poisoning in
veterinary animals of Pakistan.
51
 see you
in the
next class

52
 Important
VIRAL
Diseases in Vets

53
 Viral Diseases in Vets

IMPORTANT VIRAL DISEASES IN

VETS OF PAKISTAN
1) Foot-and-mouth disease
2) Influenza
3) Newcastle disease
4) Peste des petits ruminants (PPR)

54
 Viral Diseases in Vets

1) FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE
(HFMD)

A contagious disease of cattle and sheep

caused by enterovirus family:
Coxsackievirus A16 i

Symptoms:
Ulceration of the hoofs and around the
mouth
55
 Viral Diseases in Vets

2) INFLUENZA
A contagious virus (H1N1)
and A(H3N2) causes flu and
respiratory illness in various animals
and birds.
Symptoms:
• Nasal discharge
• Fever
56
 Viral Diseases in Vets

3) NEWCASTLE DISEASE
A highly contagious disease of birds (fowls, turkeys,
geese, ducks, pheasants, partridges and ostriches etc
caused by an avian paramyxovirus Type 1 (APVM-
1) virus.

Symptoms:
• Appetite loss
• Coughing and nasal discharge and watery eyes
• Bright green diarrhoea and nervous signs such as
paralysis
• Combs may be swollen and discoloured (purple or
blue)
57
 Viral Diseases in Vets
4) PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS (PPR):
A viral disease of domesticated small
ruminants, as well as camels, caused by
Paramyxoviridae family, genus Morbillivirus
and is closely related to canine distemper
virus, morbillivirus and rinderpest virus
Symptoms:
• Nasal discharge
• Depression and anorexia

58
 Important
FUNFAL
Diseases in Vets

59
 Fungal Diseases in Vets
IMPORTANT FUNGAL DISEASES IN
VETS OF PAKISTAN
1) Candidiasis
2) Aspergillosis
3) Coccidioidomycosis (valley fever)
4) Cryptococcosis
5) Geotrichosis
6) Histoplasmosis
7) Mycetomas
8) Blastomycosis 60
 Fungal Diseases in Vets
1) CANDIDIASIS:
A worldwide mucocutaneous disease caused by
yeast like fungus Candida albicans
Symptoms:
• Skin rashes and infections
• Yellow, brown, or black buildup of debris in one or
both ears
• Excessive shaking of the head
• Excessive licking of the paws, legs, tail, or other
areas
• Excessive scratching of the ears or other places on
the body
• Hair loss
61
 Fungal Diseases in Vets

2) ASPERGILLOSIS :
A mold Aspergillus causes this skin
diseases

Symptoms:
• Sneezing
• Chronic nasal discharge
• Bleeding from the nose
• Loud breathing, and sometimes fleshy
masses are visible in the nostril
62
 Fungal Diseases in Vets

3) COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS
(VALLEY FEVER)
Caused by Coccidioides spores

Symptoms:
• Fatigue (tiredness)
• Cough and Fever
• Shortness of breath.
• Night sweats
• Rash on upper body or legs. 63
 Fungal Diseases in Vets

4) CRYPTOCOCCOSIS
Caused by Cryptococcosis fungus

Symptoms:
• Sneezing
• Nasal discharge
• Eye problems
• Disorientation and difficulties with
moving around
• Blindness
64
 Fungal Diseases in Vets

5) GEOTRICHOSIS
Caused by a yeast fungus; Geotrichum
sp.

Symptoms:
• Chronic cough,
• Gelatinous sputum
• No fever
• Low pulse rale
65
 Fungal Diseases in Vets

6) HISTOPLASMOSIS
Caused by s fungus; Histoplasma
spp.
Symptoms:
• Fever
• Cough
• Fatigue (extreme tiredness)
• Chills
66
 Fungal Diseases in Vets

7) MYCETOMAS
Caused by s fungus; Eumycetoma
spp. (also by bacteria;
Actinomycetoma spp.
Symptoms:
• Painless lump under the skin.
• Later on open infection discharging
small 'grains' containing fungal spores
• Causes swollen feet and back
67
 Fungal Diseases in Vets

8) BLASTOMYCOSIS
Caused by s fungus; Blastomyces spp.

Symptoms:
• Cough or cough with blood
• Fever
• Shortness of breath.
• Chills and/or night sweats.
• Weight loss and poor appetite.
68
Questions ??????

69
 Take Home Questions

• Enlist viral diseases transmitted by Musca

domestica in veterinary animals of
Pakistan.
• Enlist fungal diseases transmitted by Musca
domestica in veterinary animals of Pakistan
• Write a note on Foot-and-mouth disease
• Write a note on Influenza disease
• Write a note on Newcastle disease
• Write a note on Peste des petits ruminants (PPR)
70
 Take Home Questions
• Write a note on Candidiasis
• Write a note on Aspergillosis
• Write a note on Coccidioidomycosis
(valley fever)
• Write a note on Cryptococcosis
• Write a note on Geotrichosis
• Write a note on Histoplasmosis
• Write a note on Mycetomas disease
• Write a note on Blastomycosis 71
 see you
in the
next week

72