DC Core 1

DCCOR
350-601
By Kerillous Samir
Course
Content
PART 1 Networking
PART 2 Storage
PART 3 Computing
PART 4 Automation
PART 5 Security
2
PART 1
Networking
Chapter 1 Implementing Routing in Data Center
Chapter 2 Implementing Data Center Switching Protocols
Chapter 3 Implementing Data Center Overlay Protocols
Chapter 4 Describe Cisco Application Centric Infrastructure
Chapter 5 Cisco Cloud Services and Deployment Models
Chapter 6 Data Center Network Management and Monitoring
3
Open Shortest Path First
Boarder Gateway Protocol
Bidirectional forwarding detection
Multicast
Hot Standby Router Protocols
Virtual Router redundancy Protocols
4
1.1 OSPF Review

1. OSPF feature Summary
2. OSPF Adjacency conditions
3. OSPF states
4. OSPF network types
5. OSPF Area types
6. OSPF LSA types
7. OSPF Route filtering
8. OSPF configuration
9. OSPF Verification
5
1.1.1 OSPF Feature Summary

• It is Layer 3 protocol with protocol type 89
• It is a link state routing protocol uses Dijkstra Algorithm
• Metric is accumulative cost
• It uses multicast for updates (224.0.0.5 for all OSPF routers , 224.0.0.6
for OSPF DR/BDR )
• It has full / partial updates
• It supports authentication
• It supports VLSM
• It has manual route summarization
• It supports multiple areas
6
1.1.2 OSPF Adjacency conditions

• Same timers for hello and dead
• Same subnet
• Same area type and area ID
• Same Authentication method and key
• Not passive interface
• Same MTU
7
1.1.3 OSPF neighborship states
8
1.1.3 OSPF neighborship states
9
1.1.4 OSPF Network types
10
1.1.5 OSPF Area types and LSA
LSA Symbol LSA Symbol

Type-1 O Type-1 O
Type-2 Type-2
Type-3 OIA Type-3 OIA
Type-4 Type-5 OE
Type-5 OE
11

Type-1 O Type-1 O
Type-2 Type-2
Type-3 OIA Type-3 OIA
Type-4 DR O*IA
Type-5 OE
12

Type-1 O Type-1 O
Type-2 Type-2
Type-3 OIA DR O*IA
Type-4
Type-5 OE
13

Type-1 O Type-1 O
Type-2 Type-2
Type-3 OIA Type-7 OE
Type-4 DR O*IA
Type-5 OE
14
15
16
17
o OIA OE
18
1.1.6 OSPF configuration and verification

Parameters Default
Administrative distance 110
Hello interval 10 seconds
Dead interval 40 seconds
Discard routes Enabled
Graceful restart grace period 60 seconds
OSPFv2 feature Disabled
Stub router advertisement announce time 600 seconds
Reference bandwidth for link cost calculation 40 Gb/s
LSA minimal arrival time 1000 milliseconds
LSA group pacing 10 seconds
SPF calculation initial delay time 200 milliseconds
SPF calculation minimum hold time 1000 milliseconds
SPF calculation maximum wait time 5000 milliseconds
19
20

Global level commands
Conf t
Command Purpose
feature ospf Enables the OSPFv2 feature.
router ospf instance-tag Creates a new OSPFv2 instance with the configured
instance tag.
feature ospfv3 Enables the OSPFv3 feature.
router ospfv3 instance-tag Creates a new OSPFv3 instance with the configured
instance tag.
21

Ospf Routing-level commands
Conf t >> Router OSPF
Command Purpose
router-id ip-address (Optional) Configures the OSPFv2 router ID. This IP
address identifies this OSPFv2/3 instance and must
exist on a configured interface in the system.
area area-id authentication [ message-digest ] Configures the authentication mode for an area.
area area-id stub Creates this area as a stub area.
area area-id nssa [ no-redistribution ] [ default- Creates this area as not so stub area.
information-originate
[ route-map map-name ]] [ no-summary ] [ translate
type7 { always | never } [ suppress-fa ]]
address-family ipv6 unicast Enters IPv6 unicast address family mode.
22

Ospf interface level commands
Conf t >> interface
Command Purpose
ip ospf cost number Configures the OSPFv2 cost metric for this interface. The default is to calculate
cost metric, based on the reference bandwidth and interface bandwidth. The range
is from 1 to 65535.
ip ospf dead-interval seconds Configures the OSPFv2 dead interval, in seconds. The range is from 1 to 65535.
The default is four times the hello interval, in seconds.
ip ospf hello-interval seconds Configures the OSPFv2 hello interval, in seconds. The range is from 1 to 65535.
The default is 10 seconds.
ip ospf mtu-ignore Configures OSPFv2 to ignore any IP MTU mismatch with a neighbor. The default
is to not establish adjacency if the neighbor MTU does not match the local
interface MTU.
[ default | no ] ip ospf passive- Suppresses routing updates on the interface. This command overrides the router or
interface VRF command mode configuration. The default option removes this interface
mode command and reverts to the router or VRF configuration, if present.
23

Command Purpose
ip ospf priority number Configures the OSPFv2 priority, used to determine the DR for an area. The range is
from 0 to 255. The default is 1.
ip ospf shutdown Shuts down the OSPFv2 instance on this interface.

ip ospf authentication- (Optional) Configures simple password authentication for this interface. Use this
key [ 0 | 3 ] key command if the authentication is not set to keychain or message-digest. 0 configures
the password in cleartext. 3 configures the password as 3DES encrypted.
ip ospf message-digest-key key- (Optional) Configures message digest authentication for this interface. Use this
id md5 [ 0 | 3 ] key command if the authentication is set to message-digest. The key-id range is from 1 to
255. The MD5 option 0 configures the password in cleartext and 3 configures the pass
key as 3DES encrypted.
ip router ospf instance- Assigns this interface to the OSPFv2 instance and area configured.
tag area area-id
ipv6 router ospfv3 instance- Adds the interface to the OSPFv3 instance and area.
tag area area-id [ secondaries
none ]
24

Ospf Shows
Command Purpose
show ip ospf instance-tag [vrf vrf-name] (Optional) Displays OSPF information.
show ip ospf instance-tag interface interface-type slot/port (Optional) Displays OSPF information.
show ip ospf route [ ospf-route ] [ summary ] [ vrf { vrf- Displays the internal OSPFv2 routes.
name | all | default | management }]
show ip ospf virtual-links [ brief ] [ vrf { vrf- Displays information about OSPFv2 virtual links.
show running-configuration ospf Displays the current running OSPFv2 configuration.
show ip ospf statistics [ vrf { vrf- Displays the OSPFv2 event counters.
show ip ospf traffic [ interface - type number ] [ vrf { vrf- Displays the OSPFv2 packet counters.
25

Ospf Shows
Command Purpose
show ip ospf neighbors [ neighbor-id ] Displays the list of OSPFv2 neighbors.
[ detail ] [ interface - type number ] [ vrf { vrf-
name | all | default | management }] [ summary ]
show ipv6 ospfv3 [instance-tag] [vrf vrf-name] Displays information about one or more OSPFv3
routing instances.
show ipv6 ospfv3 interface type number [ vrf { vrf- Displays OSPFv3-related interface information.
26
1.1.7 OSPF LAB
27
Multicast
28
1.2 Boarder Gateway Protocol

1. BGP feature Summary
2. BGP Neighbor states
3. BGP peering
4. BGP path selection
5. Multiprotocol BGP
6. BGP configuration and verification
29
1.2.1 BGP Feature Summary

• It is a path vector protocol
• It decides based on prefix vectors
• It supports ECMP
• It is L7 protocol uses TCP port 179
• It has two types eBGP and iBGP
• It has three types of attributes
• Well-known mandatory
• Well-known discretionary
• Optional transitive
• Optional non-transitive
30
1.2.2 BGP Neighbor states

The BGP session may report the
following states:
• Idle
• Connect
• Active
• OpenSent
• OpenConfirm
• Established
1.2.3 BGP peering

• AS number was 2 bytes (0-65535) and it migrated to be 4-bytes (0.0 -
65535.65535)
• BGP doesn`t discover neighbors automatically. You must configure it.
• BGP doesn`t have its own transport it depends on IGP
• You must allow TCP port #179 between BGP peers.
• BGP has EBGP and iBGP peers
• BGP peers do not have to be directly connected
• Network command use to advertise prefix
• BGP router must has router ID
• Manually configured
• Highest loopback IP
• Highest physical interface IP
32
1.2.3 BGP peering (Cont.)

Comparison iBGP eBGP
Default packet TTL 255 1
Loop prevention iBGP split horizon AS-Path list
Next-hop Route originator Itself
• BGP is not a routing protocol, it is application used to exchange

NLRI (network L3 reachability info)
• IPv4 NLRI contains
• Prefix/len
• Attributes (local-pref , AS-Path, MED ……)
• Next Hop
• BGP knows the next-hop but not the outing interface
33
1.2.4 BGP Path Selection

• BGP choose best-path that is installed in FIB/RIP and advertised to
neighbors
• Next-Hop must be reachable
• AS-path must not contain local ASN#
• First ASN in AS-list must be neighbor ASN
• Manipulating best-path selection
• Outbound routing policy  inbound traffic  AS-path & MED
• Inbound routing policy  Outbound traffic  Weight & local preference
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/border-gateway-protocol-bgp
/13753-25.html
34
1.2.4 BGP Path Selection (Cont.)

• Comparing pairs of paths
• Longest bit match
• Must be valid paths (reachable next hop)
• Highest weight
• Highest local preference
• Locally originated preferred
• Shorter AS-path
• IGP originated preferred than EGP
• Lower MED for the same AS originated paths (to do it for all, you must
configure it )
• External peer preferred than internal peer
• Lower IGP metric preferred
• Lower router Id (optional)
35
1.2.5 Multiprotocol BGP

• The normal version of BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) only supported
IPv4 unicast prefixes. Nowadays we use MP-BGP (Multiprotocol BGP)
which supports different addresses:
• IPv4 unicast
• IPv4 multicast
• IPv6 unicast
• IPv6 multicast
• MP-BGP is also used for MPLS VPN where we use MP-BGP to
exchange the VPN labels. For each different “address” type, MP-BGP
uses a different address family.
36
Multicast
37
1.3 Bidirectional Forwarding detection

1. Convergence factors
2. Optimizing convergence
3. BFD
38
1.3.1 Routing convergence factors

• Neighbor dead detection
• Event propagation
• Route re-calculation
• FIB download time
39
1.3.2 optimizing convergence

• Use BFD
• Hardware offloaded to line-cards
40
1.3.3 BFD
• It is a feature that can work with any routing protocol
• It uses ping echo message between neighbors
• Single BFD session can service multiple protocols
• It has subsecond to detect failure
41
Multicast
42
1.4 Multicast
1. Internet group management protocol
2. Switch IGMP snooping
3. Multicast listener discovery
4. Multicast distribution trees
5. Protocol independent multicast
6. Multicast forwarding
7. Multicast configuration and verification
43
44

DC Core 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

DC Core 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DCCOR

Chapter 1 Implementing Routing in Data Center

Chapter 2 Implementing Data Center Switching Protocols

Chapter 3 Implementing Data Center Overlay Protocols

Chapter 4 Describe Cisco Application Centric Infrastructure

Chapter 5 Cisco Cloud Services and Deployment Models

Chapter 6 Data Center Network Management and Monitoring

Open Shortest Path First

Boarder Gateway Protocol

Bidirectional forwarding detection

Hot Standby Router Protocols

Virtual Router redundancy Protocols

1.1 OSPF Review

1.1.1 OSPF Feature Summary

1.1.2 OSPF Adjacency conditions

1.1.3 OSPF neighborship states

1.1.3 OSPF neighborship states

1.1.4 OSPF Network types

1.1.5 OSPF Area types and LSA

LSA Symbol LSA Symbol

1.1.5 OSPF Area types and LSA

LSA Symbol LSA Symbol

1.1.5 OSPF Area types and LSA

LSA Symbol LSA Symbol

1.1.5 OSPF Area types and LSA

LSA Symbol LSA Symbol

1.1.5 OSPF Area types and LSA

1.1.5 OSPF Area types and LSA

1.1.5 OSPF Area types and LSA

1.1.6 OSPF configuration and verification

1.1.6 OSPF configuration and verification

1.1.6 OSPF configuration and verification

1.1.6 OSPF configuration and verification

address-family ipv6 unicast Enters IPv6 unicast address family mode.

1.1.6 OSPF configuration and verification

1.1.6 OSPF configuration and verification

ip ospf shutdown Shuts down the OSPFv2 instance on this interface.

1.1.6 OSPF configuration and verification

1.1.6 OSPF configuration and verification

1.1.7 OSPF LAB

Open Shortest Path First

Boarder Gateway Protocol

Bidirectional forwarding detection

Hot Standby Router Protocols

Virtual Router redundancy Protocols

1.2 Boarder Gateway Protocol

1.2.1 BGP Feature Summary

1.2.2 BGP Neighbor states

1.2.3 BGP peering

1.2.3 BGP peering (Cont.)

• BGP is not a routing protocol, it is application used to exchange

1.2.4 BGP Path Selection

1.2.4 BGP Path Selection (Cont.)

1.2.5 Multiprotocol BGP

Open Shortest Path First

Boarder Gateway Protocol

Bidirectional forwarding detection

Hot Standby Router Protocols

Virtual Router redundancy Protocols

1.3 Bidirectional Forwarding detection

1.3.1 Routing convergence factors

1.3.2 optimizing convergence

Open Shortest Path First

Boarder Gateway Protocol