Jesus Christ:

Lord and
Savior
Theology I | Mr. Justine Cedric C. Espinosa
 A reading from the holy Gospel according
to St. Mark (Mk. 8:27-35)
Jesus and his disciples se out for the villages of
Caesarea Philippi. Along the way he asked his
disciples, “Who do people say that I am?” They said in
reply, “John the Baptist, others Elijah, still others one
of the prophets.” And he asked them, “But who do you
say that I am?” Peter said to him in reply, “You are the
Christ.” Then he warned them not to tell anyone about
him.
 A reading from the holy Gospel according
to St. Mark (Mk. 8:27-35)
He began to teach them that the Son of Man mus
tsuffer greatly and be rejected by the elders, the chief
priests, and the scribe, and be killed, and rise again
after three days. He spoke this openly. Then Peter took
him aside and began to rebuke him. At this he turned
around and, looking at his disciples, rebuked Peter and
said, “Get behing me, Satan. You are thinking not as
God does,
 A reading from the holy Gospel according
to St. Mark (Mk. 8:27-35)
But as human beings do.” He summoned the
crowd with his disciples and said to them,
“Whoever wishes to come after me must deny
himself, take up his cross, and follow me. For
whoever wishes to save his life will lose it, but
whoever loses his life for my sake and that of
the gospel will save it.”
Jesus Christ:
Lord and
Savior
Theology I | Mr. Justine Cedric C. Espinosa
 Learning Objectives

• Comprehend that the life of Jesus is the fulfilment

of salvation history as foretold in the Old Testament;
• Explain the life of Jesus as fulfilment of salvation
history in relationship to the Old Testament; and
• Show evidence in their life of being a disciple of
Jesus.
Jesus Christ: Lord and Savior
Beliefs about
Jesus Christ
Theology I | Mr. Justine Cedric C. Espinosa
 Beliefs about Jesus Christ
• God's son, the second person of the Blessed Trinity,
took on human flesh in the person of Jesus Christ.
God took on our human nature, body and soul. This
is known as the doctrine of incarnation. God became
man in Jesus Christ who is God incarnate in human
history by becoming one of these creatures, while all
the time remaining the creator of the universe.
Why did the Word
became flesh?
 Why did the Word became flesh? The catechism of the Catholic
Church lists four reasons:

• God became flesh to save us from sin, death, and

eternal separation from God. He did so by reconciling
us with God by toning for our sins. Christ gave his
life so we could live.
• “The Word became flesh so that thus we might know
God's love” (CCC, 485). Jesus Christ, as truly
human, is able to show us the true nature of God.
 Why did the Word became flesh? The catechism of the Catholic
Church list four reasons:

• Good took human flesh to be our model of

holiness. Jesus shows us how to imitate him:
To love one another as he has loved us (John
15:12).
• God became human to make us sharers in
his divine nature.
Jesus Christ: Lord and Savior
Titles of
Jesus
Theology I | Mr. Justine Cedric C. Espinosa
 Jesus
• The personal name Jesus came from the Hebrew
word ‫( ישוע‬Y’shua or Yeshua) which means “God
saves,” “God is Salvation,” or simply, “Savior.”
Thus, God's own name is present in the person of his
son. The angel Gabriel revealed this name to Mary,
thus signifying Jesus' identity and mission. From his
conception, God had destined that Jesus would save
the world from sin and death.
 Jesus
• The gospels of Matthew and Luke, Jesus
was born in Bethlehem in Judea during the
reign of King Herod the Great, perhaps
around the year 4-6 BC. He was raised by
his mother, Mary and foster father, the
carpenter Joseph, in the town of Nazareth in
Galilee.
 Jesus
• According to most scholars, Jesus began his
preaching and healing ministry in the 15th year
of Tiberius Caesar reigned (from 27-28 AD)
after being baptized by John the Baptist in the
Jordan River. After a number of trial in the
desert, Jesus chose 12 close followers called
apostles and had many other disciples as well.
 Jesus
• Jesus proclaimed the coming of God's kingdom.
Because of his preaching, deeds, and claims, Jesus
ran afoul of the Jewish religious leaders. They said
that he was committing blasphemy, which is,
claiming to make himself equal to God. Therefore,
he was handed over to Roman authorities and
ended up suffering under Pontius Pilate, was
crucified, died, and was buried.
 Christ
• Christ (Cristo in Greek) translates to the Hebrew
title Messiah (‫ ָמ ִׁשיַח‬or Messiach). The Messiah was
the “Anointed one of Yahweh” through whom all
God's promises to the chosen people were fulfilled.
Jews of Jesus time were expecting the Messiah to be
a political leader who would throw off the yoke of
the Romans and restore Israel to its position of
glory.
 Christ
• Although Jesus accepted the title Christ
when he asked his apostles his true identity,
to reinterpret the meaning of the title for
them. Jesus understood that the messiah's
role was to suffer in accomplishing the
father's will of ushering in the kingdom.
 Christ
• After the resurrection, Christians to a new look at
Jesus' life. They saw that he was anointed with the
Spirit of God to accomplish salvation through a life
of suffering service. He accomplished his task
through his threefold office of prophet, priests, and
king. A prophet is one who speaks for God; a priest
is a mediator between God and human; and a king is
a leader and ruler.
 Christ
• As priest, Jesus offered his life for all of us on
the altar of the cross. Today he continues to
fulfil the role of a high priest at each celebration
of the Eucharist. As king, Jesus is the rightful
ruler of the universe one who rules gently and
compassionately. He uses the power of love and
service to attract followers to his way.
 SON OF GOD
• The gospels repeatedly make the truth that Jesus
was the unique son of God very clear. For
example, at both his baptism and transfiguration,
the father calls Jesus his “beloved son”. Peter
proclaims Jesus to be the “Messiah the Son of the
Living God”, and Jesus himself clearly says that
he is the son of God: “The Father and I are one”.
 SON OF GOD
• Jesus' Father is the first person of the
Blessed Trinity. Jesus Christ is the
natural son who shares in God's very
nature. Human beings, on the other
hand, are God's adopted children.
 LORD
• The New Testament, the term Lord had
various meanings. For example, it could refer
to a ruler or someone with great power. It was
also used as a polite and respectful form of
address, much like “sir”. However, the title
Lord when referring to Jesus proclaims his
divinity.
 LORD
• The Greek translation of the Old Testament
used the word kurio or Kurios (“Lord”) to
render the most sacred name ‫ יהוה‬or YHWH
(“I am who am”) which God revealed to
Moses. Pious Jews never said the most holy
name of God. Therefore to call Jesus “Lord”
is to state that he is God.
 LORD
• The simple statement that “Jesus Christ is
Lord” is the earliest and shortest Christian
Creed. Jesus proved that he was God during
his ministry through his miracles. He
demonstrated his divine sovereignty by work
of power over nature, illness, demons, death,
and sin.
 LORD
• Jesus has the same sovereignty as God
and his death and resurrection have
one eternal life for humanity, a gift
only God can grant. Jesus is the one
true Lord and the only Lord deserving
our total allegiance.
Jesus Christ: Lord and Savior
Other Titles and
Symbols for Jesus
Theology I | Mr. Justine Cedric C. Espinosa
 OTHER TITLES AND SYMBOLS FOR
JESUS
• Besides the titles of Jesus revealed in the
Creed, there are other titles and symbols for
Christ that come from the New Testament and
the early Church that tells more about him.
Jesus upset many of his contemporaries by
rejecting their idea of the Messiah as a
conquering, earthly ruler.
 OTHER TITLES AND SYMBOLS FOR
JESUS
• He chose instead to be a Suffering
Servant who took on the sins of his
people and redeemed them. “The Son of
Man did not come to be served but to
serve and to give his life as a ransom for
many” (Matthew 20:28).
 OTHER TITLES AND SYMBOLS FOR
JESUS
• Jesus often used the title Son of Man
when he referred to himself. Its an Old
Testament vision described in Daniel
7:13: “I saw . . . one like a Son of Man
coming on the clouds of heaven.”
 OTHER TITLES AND SYMBOLS FOR
JESUS
• However, the title emphasizes Jesus'
humanity, one who is like us and will
suffer for and serve all people. On the
other hand, Son of Man describes Jesus as
the judge through whom God will fully
established kingdom at the end of time.
 OTHER TITLES AND
SYMBOLS FOR JESUS
• “I am the alpha and the omega, says the Lord
God, the one who is and who was and who is to
come , the Almighty” (Revelation 1:8). From the
book of Revelation, these are the first and last
letters of the Greek alphabet, signifying that
Jesus is the beginning and the end of our lives.
 OTHER TITLES AND
SYMBOLS FOR JESUS

• On top of the cross, posted in Hebrew ,

Latin , and Greek , was the crime for which
Jesus was crucified (John 19:19-20). INRI is
an abbreviation of Jesus’ crime in Latin
language:
OTHER TITLES AND
SYMBOLS FOR JESUS

Iesus = Jesus
Nazarenus = of Nazareth
Rex = King
Iudaeorum = of the Jews
 OTHER TITLES AND
SYMBOLS FOR JESUS

•This symbol is a monogram

of the first two letters, Chi
(X) and Rho (P), of the
Greek word for Christ.
Jesus Christ:
Lord and
Savior
Theology I | Mr. Justine Cedric C. Espinosa
CONTENTS OF THE
NEW TESTAMENT
Theology I | Mr. Justine Cedric C. Espinosa
 CONTENTS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
• Jesus is the New Testament or New Covenant
with all humanity. His law is the law of love
that requires a change of heart. He is the perfect
prophet who fulfilled all prophecies. The New
Testament writings show how his words and his
actions reveal God's active presence in the
world: Saving, redeeming, and healing people.
 CONTENTS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
• Jesus life and ministry fulfilled all the
Old Testament prophecies concerning
his birth, his teaching and healing, his
rejection by the leaders, his passion,
death, and resurrection.
 CONTENTS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
• The New Testament continues to fulfill the
Old Testament; it does not contradict it.
The Old Testament tells us about God's
covenant with his chosen people. The Old
Testament reveals that our loving God has
extended his salvation to all people.
 CONTENTS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
• A collection of various books, the
new Testaments primary purpose is
to announce the fulfilment of God's
promises in Jesus Christ, his son.
The New Testament consists of:
 CONTENTS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
• The Gospels. The gospel testify to salvation in Jesus
Christ. They contain facts about the historical Jesus
and testify to Christian faith about Jesus passion,
death, resurrection, and ascension .Written by
evangelists (proclaimers of good news), their primary
intent is to preach Jesus' miracles and teachings and
recount the paschal mystery of his passion, death, and
resurrection that has won for us salvation.
 CONTENTS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
• The gospels also present some
reliable biographical material about
Jesus. The gospels are named for
the evangelist Matthew, Mark,
Luke, and John.
 CONTENTS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
• Acts of the Apostles. Written by Luke as
a continuation of the Gospel, the Acts of
the Apostles recounts the history of the
Church from Pentecost Sunday until the
arrest of Saint Paul in Rome around 63
AD. It is often Group with the gospels.
 CONTENTS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
• The New Testament Letters. Most of the New
Testament letters, or epistles, were written by Saint
Paul or attributed to him. The epistles highlight the
importance of faith in Jesus Christ. The New
Testament letters are: Romans, 1 & 2 Corinthians,
Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 & 2
Thessalonians, 1 & 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon, and
Hebrews.
 CONTENTS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
• Catholic Letters. These Epistles
encourage the universal Church to
remain faithful to Jesus and to live
Christian lives. They are: James, 1
& 2 Peter, 1, 2, & 3 John, and Jude.
 CONTENTS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
• The Revelation to John. This is a
highly symbolic work also known by
its Greek name - the Apocalypse. It
encourages Christians under
persecution to remain faithful to Jesus
Christ.
THE FORMATION
OF THE GOSPEL
Theology I | Mr. Justine Cedric C. Espinosa
 The Formation of the Gospel
• The gospels contain the
principal teaching of Jesus about
his life. The Church teaches that
there are three stages in their
formation.
• Stage 1: The Historical Jesus (4/6 - 30/33 AD)
• The first stage of gospel formation was the
very life of Jesus. Jesus was born around 4
to 6 BC, live a typical Jewish life of the
time , came onto the public scene probably
in 28AD, And worked miracles , and was
crucified in Jerusalem by the Roman prefect
, Pontius Pilate , either in 30 AD to 33 AD.
• His early disciples, at first frightened
and confused, claimed to have seen
Jesus after his death and burial. They
were convinced that he was live and
glorified as God's son and present to
them by the power of the Holy Spirit.
Their hearts burned with love and joy
over his resurrection.
• Stage 2: Oral Tradition (30/33-50 AD)
• The disciples begin to live in light of the
resurrection of Jesus. With the help of the Holy
Spirit, they now knew that Jesus was the Messiah,
the Promised One, the Son of God, and the Lord.
The Apostles remember Jesus ,nds to “Go into the
whole world and proclaim the gospel to every
creature” (Mark 16:16). Their preaching 23 forms
and is the masterpiece of the oral tradition:
• Kerygma (preaching to unbelievers). To
aid them in this proclamation, the
disciples began to assemble collections
of material about Jesus - for example,
miracle stories, parables, and the passion
narrative. Later evangelists drew on the
sources to help compose their gospels.
• Didache (“teaching”). Catechism for
Catholic Church (425-429) Teaches that
the center of all catechesis must be Jesus
Christ. This is true today and it was also
true for it early convert to Christ.
Catechesis literally means to “sound
down”, that is, you repeat the message
and explain it in more depth.
• Liturgy (“participation in the Work of
God”). The celebration of the Eucharist
helped shape many of the Jesus stories
that the Christian community
preserved, for example, Jesus' words at
the Last Supper, the Lord's Prayer, in
the story of Jesus’ passion.
• Stage 3: The New Testament Writings (50-120 AD)
• The final stage of the gospel formation was the actual
writing the four gospels and the other New Testament
writings, the earliest of which or letters of Saint Paul.
Concerning the gospels, many scholars believe that
Mark’s gospel was written between the year 68 to 73,
Matthew’s and Luke’s perhaps between 80-90, and
John’s in the 90’s. Guided by the Holy Spirit, the four
versions of the one gospel of Jesus Christ all tell the
truth about our Lord and savior.
• The oral preaching had to be committed to writing
because Jesus was not coming back during the
lifetimes of the first generation of Christians, as
many of them expected. Eye witnesses to Christ's
life on earth began to die. It became increasingly
necessary to preserve in a more accurate manner
the apostolic testimony concerning Jesus,
Especially to combat false teachings that were
starting to circulate about Jesus.
• Christians needed a written record of
their beliefs, the New Testament. This
written record of the apostles preaching
serve both as an aid to worship services
and for the instruction of new converts ,
much in the same way the gospels are
used today for the same purposes .
JESUS’ EARLY LIFE
Theology I | Mr. Justine Cedric C. Espinosa
 The Formation of the Gospel
• The Infancy Narratives. Each evangelists had a
particular audience and theological perspective
in mind when he wrote his version of the gospel.
For example, Mark wrote for gentile Christians
and stressed Jesus as the suffering servant.
Matthew wrote for a Jewish Christian audience
and emphasized Jesus as the new lawgiver
 The Formation of the Gospel
• Luke highlighted Jesus as the universal
messiah and his audience were also gentile
Christians. John's gospel , written many years
later , reflected more developed theology and
presented Jesus as God’s unique Word who
came to be the way , truth , and life .
 The Formation of the Gospel
• These different perspectives reflect how
Matthew and Luke present the birth of Jesus.
For example, Matthew tells us about the visit
of the angel to Joseph (Matthew 1:18-25)
Luke reports an annunciation by the Angel
Gabriel to Mary, Christ mother (Luke 1:26-
38).
 The Formation of the Gospel
• Each Evangelist drew on two very
different traditions to record Jesus'
birth. However, what is remarkable
is on how many basic facts the
gospels agree.
 The Formation of the Gospel
• 1. Principal persons mentioned are Jesus, Mary, and
Joseph.
• 2. Mary was a virgin. By freely consenting to God's
action in her life, Mary became the mother of God and
our Spiritual mother. She was open to God, serving as a
model for all Christians who are to bring Christ with the
whole world.
• 3. The king reigning at the time of Jesus' birth was Herod.
 The Formation of the Gospel
• 4. Jesus' conception was by the Holy Spirit
• 5. Jesus was born in Bethlehem
• 6. Jesus received his name before his birth
• 7. Jesus was descended from the line of David
• 8. The Holy Family settled in a town of
Nazareth