Smog

What is smog
 Smog is a type of air pollution that is
characterized by a combination of smoke and
fog.
 The term "smog" is derived from the words

"smoke" and "fog."

 It typically occurs in urban areas and is

primarily caused by the burning of fossil fuels,

industrial emissions, and other pollutants
released into the atmosphere.
types of Smog
 Industrial Smog
 Photochemical Smog
Industrial Smog

 This type of smog is also known as "gray

smog" and is primarily associated with
industrial areas.
 It is formed when large amounts of coal or oil

are burned, releasing sulphur dioxide (SO2)

and other pollutants into the atmosphere.
 These pollutants combine with moisture and

other compounds to form a thick haze of

smog.
Photochemical Smog
 This type of smog is also known as "brown
smog" and is typically found in sunny and
warm climates.
 It is formed when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and

volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from

sources like vehicle emissions react with
sunlight.
 This reaction produces a complex mixture of

pollutants, including ozone (O3), which

contributes to the formation of smog.
causes of smog
 Fossil Fuel Emissions
 Vehicle Emissions
 Industrial Emissions
 Agricultural Activities
 Natural Sources
Fossil Fuel Emissions

 The burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil,

and natural gas, for energy production and
transportation is a significant contributor to
smog.
 Power plants, industrial facilities, vehicles,

and residential heating systems release

pollutants like sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen
oxides (NOx), and particulate matter into the
atmosphere, which react to form smog.
Agricultural Activities
 Agricultural practices, such as the use of
fertilizers and the burning of crop residues,
can release pollutants into the atmosphere.
 Ammonia (NH3) from fertilizer use and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from
burning agricultural waste can contribute to
the formation of smog.
Natural Sources:
 natural sources can also play a role.
 Wildfires, dust storms, and volcanic eruptions

can release large amounts of particulate

matter and other pollutants into the air,
which can contribute to the formation of
smog under certain conditions.
Effects of smog
 Human Health Effects
 Environmental Effects
 Economic Consequences
Human Health Effects

 Respiratory Problems.
 Coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath and

asthma attacks. Prolonged exposure lead to

chronic respiratory conditions.
 Eye Irritation.
 Smog can cause irritation, redness, and itching

of the eyes.
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Cardiovascular Issues.
 Long-term exposure to smog has been linked

to increased risk of heart attacks, strokes,

and other cardiovascular problems.
Allergies and Sensitivities.
 Trigger allergies and sensitivities, leading to

symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, and

skin rashes.
Environmental Effects

 Air Quality
 Smog contributes to poor air quality, reducing

visibility and creating a haze.

 Damage to Plants.
 Smog damages plant tissues and reduces crop

yields. It hampers photosynthesis, stunts

growth, and can lead to premature death of
plants.
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Ecosystem Disruption
 Smog can harm ecosystems, including forests and

aquatic habitats.
 It can disrupt the natural balance of ecosystems by

affecting the health and survival of plants, animals,

and microorganisms.
Acid Rain
 Some components of smog, such as sulphur

dioxide and nitrogen oxides, can contribute to the

formation of acid rain, which can have harmful
effects on vegetation, bodies of water, and
infrastructure.
How to control Smog
 Drive your car less.
 Don't burn your garbage.
 Plant and care for trees.
 Keep your car in good repair.
 Switch to electric or hand-powered lawn

equipment.