A PROJECT DEFENCE

ON
EFFECT OF GARCINIA KOLA EXTRACT AND FAT AND OIL ON THE
WEIGHT OF MALE WISTAR RATS
BY
EDENI AJIRIOGHENE LILIAN
(BMS1802589)

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY,
SCHOOL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES,
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES,
UNIVERSITY OF BENIN,
BENIN CITY.

SUPERVISED BY: MR. O. D. FAYORIJU

OCTOBER, 2023
1
 INTRODUCTION
• The plant Garcinia kola Heckel (Family-Guttifera) is
commonly known as bitter kola, male kola, and false
kola(English).
• It is also known as various tribes in Nigeria as Orogbo
(Yoruba), Cida goro (Hausa) Aku Ilo (Igbo), Efiari (Efik)and
Edun (Bini) (Dogara et al., 2022).
• It is used in treatment of numerous diseases, including
gastric disorders,bronchial diseases, liver disorders, fever,
malaria and throat infection (Jan et al., 2023).

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 INTRODUCTION CONT'D
• Lipids, particularly fat and oil are insoluble in
water and soluble in organic solvents like acetone
or ether (Tocher, 2003).
• They include triglycerides, phospholipids and
cholesterol (Church et al., 2012).
• A healthy weight is a number that is associated
with a low risk of
• weight-related diseases and health issues
(Komaroff, 2016).

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 JUSTIFICATION OF STUDY
• Garcinia kola and fat and oil are arguably stimulants for
weight gain by increasing appetite for feed and water
intake, which results in increase in weight. A larger
percentage of garcinia kola research focuses on its
curative ability in gastric disorders, diabetes, appendicitis,
throat infection, cough suppressant and aphrodisiac.
• This study is therefore an effort to add to the growing
body of knowledge pertaining to garcinia kola and fat and
oil's effects to body weight.
•

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 AIM OF THE STUDY
To investigate the effects of garcinia kola
extract and fat and oil on the weight of male
Wistar rats.

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 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. Does garcinia kola extract have an effect on
the weight of male Wistar rats? If yes, how
profound?

2. Does fat and oil have an effect on the

weight of male Wistar rats? If yes, how
profound?

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 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
To investigate the effects of:
1. Garcinia kola ingestion on the weight of
male Wistar rats.
2. Fat and oil supplement on the weight of
male Wistar rats.

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 MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials used for this study include:
• Garcinia kola extract
• Standard diets (normal laboratory shaw)
• Clean water
• Plastic cages
• Feeding and drinking bowls
• Orogastric tubes
• Gloves
• Simple weighing scale

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 MATERIALS AND METHODS CONT'D
PLANT MATERIAL
Garcinia kola seeds were obtained from a local market in Ile-
Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. The outer coat were removed, and
the seeds were cut into pieces and air-dried. Using Ishola et
al., 2017; Iwu, 1985 method, the dried seed were ground
into fine powder and cold extraction was done using distilled
water in a Soxhlex extraction kit at the Science Central
Laboratory of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun
State, Nigeria. 20g of the extract was weighed out and
dissolved in 100mL of distilled water, thus forming
200mg/mL of ethanoic aqueous extract of Garcinia kola.

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 EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
• Thirty (30) adult male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) rats
weighing between 120-200g were purchased from the
animal house unit of the Department of Anatomy,
University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, and kept in
hygienic cages.
• The rats were fed standard diets (normal laboratory
shaw) and served clean water ad libitum.
• The rats were allowed to acclimatized to this new
environment for two (2) weeks. The rats weighed
between 120-200g before being used for this study.

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 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
• Thirty (30) male adult Wistar rats were randomly
divided into 5 groups as follows:
Group 1 (n=6): They served as the control group and
were fed normal laboratory shaw and served clean water
ad libitum.
Group 2 (n=6): They were treated with 20g of butter.
Group 3 (n=6): Low dose group treated with 25mg/kg of
aqueous Garcinia kola extract.
Group 4 (n=6): Medium dose group treated with
50mg/kg of aqueous Garcinia kola extract.
Group 5 (n=6): High dose group treated with 100mg/kg
of aqueous Garcinia kola extract 11
 DURATION OF STUDY
This study was conducted for a period of five
(5) weeks. During which there was two (2)
weeks of acclimatization and three (3) weeks
of administration.

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 ASSESSMENT OF WEIGHT
The rats were weighed using a simple weighing scale at the
end of each week of administration. There was a significant
increase in weight of the rats that were administered fat and
oil supplement, 50mg/kg and
100mg/kg of aqueous garcinia kola extracts and the rats that
were given fats and oils supplement. There was insignificant
weight increase in the rats administered 25mg/kg of
aqueous garcinia kola extracts.

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 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
• Data was analyzed for statistical significance using
graphPad statistical software version 8.1.
• One-way Analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA)
was carried out to find the differences between
the mean values gained.
• The results were presented as Mean ± SEM
(Standard Error of Mean) and P-value of less than
0.05 was considered statistically significant.

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 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Chart showing the weight
before administration.

*Significantly different from

the control group.

There was a statistically

significant increase (P<
0.05) in body weight of the
rats in Groups B, D and E
when compared to A and C.

Figure 1 15
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
CONT'D
Chart showing the weight in
the first week of
administration.

Insignificantly different from

the control group.

There was a statistically

insignificant increase (P>
0.05) of Groups B, C, D and E
when compared with the
control group.
Figure 2 16
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
CONT'D

Chart showing the weight in the

second week of administration.

*Significantly different from the

control group.

There was statistically significant

increase (P< 0.05) in Groups B and D
when compared to the control group
while there was statistically
insignificance increase between
Groups C and E when compared to
control group.

Figure 3 17
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
CONT'D

Chart showing the weight in the

third week of administration.

*Significantly different from the

control group.

There was statistically significant

increase (P< 0.05) in Groups B, D and
E when compared to the control
group while there was statistically
insignificance increase in Group B.

Figure 4 18
 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, from this previous study, ingestion of
Garcinia kola and fat and oil was shown to have an
effect on the body weight of the test animals. High
dose administration of Garcinia kola increased
body weight, while low dose of Garcinia kola shows
an insignificant increase in body weight.

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 SELECTED REFERENCES
Church, C., Horowitz, M., and Rodeheffer, M. (2012). WHAT
is a functional adipocyte? Adipocyte. 1(2):38–45.
Dogara, A. M., Hamad, S. W., and Hama, H. A.(2022).
Biological evaluation of Garcinia kola Heckel. Adv Pharmacol
Pharm Sci. 20(6):11-55.
Tocher, D. R. (2003). Metabolism and functions of lipids and
fatty acids in teleost fish. Rev. Fish. Sci. 11(5):107–184.
Komaroff M. (2006). Historical Review of Extra Body Weight
Definitions. J Obes. 24(2):62-85.

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 SELECTED REFERENCES
Ishola, I. O., Adamson, F. M., and Adeyemi, O. O. (2017).
Ameliorative effects of kolaviron, a biflavonoid complex
from Garcinia kola seeds against scopolamine- induced
memory impairment in rats: Role of antioxidant defense
system. Metabolic Brain Disease. 32(3):235-245.
Iwu, M. M. (1985). Antihepatic constituents of Garcinia
kola seeds. Experiential. 41(9):699-700.

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 THANKS

FOR

LISTENING

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