PROCESS

IN
OPERATING SYSTEM
NAME :M.HARSHITHA
SUBJECT : OPERATING SYSTEM
CLASS: CSE(AIML-B)
ROLL NO: 227Z1A6679
Introduction to Process in Operating System

A process is a program in execution that is

managed by the operating system.

It is a fundamental concept in operating systems

and plays a crucial role in resource allocation.

Processes enable multitasking and allow

multiple programs to run concurrently on a
computer.

1
Process Creation

Processes are created through system calls, such

as fork() or exec().

When a process is created, it is assigned a

unique process identifier (PID) by the operating
system.

The new process inherits certain attributes from

the parent process, such as files, memory, and
CPU registers.

2
Process States

A process can be in one of several states,

including running, ready, blocked, or terminated.

Running: The process is currently being

executed by the CPU.

Ready: The process is waiting to be assigned to

a processor.

3
Process Scheduling

Process scheduling determines which process

gets to use the CPU and for how long.

Scheduling algorithms, such as round-robin or

priority-based scheduling, are used to make this
decision.

The goal is to optimize CPU utilization,

response time, and throughput.

4
Process Synchronization

Multiple processes may need to access shared

resources simultaneously.

Process synchronization ensures that processes

cooperate and avoid conflicts or data corruption.

Techniques such as locks, semaphores, and

monitors are used to achieve synchronization.

5
Interprocess Communication (IPC)

IPC allows processes to exchange information

and coordinate their activities.

Common IPC mechanisms include pipes, shared

memory, message queues, and sockets.

IPC enables cooperation and data sharing

between processes.

6
Process Termination

A process can terminate voluntarily or due to an

error or completion of its task.

When a process terminates, it releases resources

allocated to it, such as memory and open files.

The operating system performs cleanup tasks to

ensure proper termination.

7
Process Control Block (PCB)

PCB is a data structure that stores information

about a process.

It includes the process state, program counter,

CPU registers, and other relevant data.

The PCB allows the operating system to manage

and control processes efficiently.

8
Process Scheduling Algorithms

Different scheduling algorithms prioritize

processes based on various criteria.

Round-robin scheduling assigns each process a

fixed time slice to run.

Priority-based scheduling assigns priorities to

processes and allocates CPU time accordingly.

9
Conclusion

Processes are a fundamental concept in

operating systems, enabling multitasking and
resource allocation.

Process creation, states, scheduling,

synchronization, and termination are key aspects
of process management.

Understanding processes is essential for efficient

and reliable operation of an operating system.

10
THANK
YOU