Stem cells

Name-Shravani Thorve
Roll no-28
Class-Sy BT
Stem cells

Stem cell is a special type of cell; specific types of body cells are
formed from stem cells.
Some stem cells are able to develop into every kind of body cell.
Other stem cells are more limited and can become several different
kinds of cells, but not every kind of body cell.
Stem cells grown in a lab are called stem cell “lines.” A cell line is a
group of cells that come from a single tissue sample.
Types of stem cells

• Totipotent-They can
differentiate into different type
of cells almost to create an entire
organism.
• Pluoripotent- They can
differentiate into different type
of cells but with limitations.
• Multipotent-Cells have the
ability to differentiate into all
cell types within one particular
lineage.
Characteristics of stem cell lines

Divide to make copies of themselves; for this reason, a stem cell

line growing in a lab could exist for a very long time, even longer
than your lifetime.
Can become some other types of body cells.
• Contain the same genetic information as the person who gave the
sample.
Uses of stem cell lines

• Increase understanding of how diseases occur.

• Generate healthy cells to replace cells affected by disease.
• They are used in gene therapy of spinal cord injuries, type 1
diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,
Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease, stroke, burns, cancer and
osteoarthritis.
• Test new drugs for safety and effectiveness without harming a living
organism with same result.
• Stem cell research also benefits the study of development stages that
cannot be studied directly in a human embryo.
Disadvantages of stem cell lines.

• Usage of embryonic stem cells for research may seem immoral to

the individual who believe in conception of life at embryonic
stage.
• Unknown long-standing effects.
• Treatment accessibility.
Basic research involving stem cells

• Research involving the establishment of new embryonic stem

cell/induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines.
• In vitro studies on preimplantation human embryos.
• Derivation of new human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or iPSC
lines from human embryonic or somatic cells.
• Uterine implantation (human/animal) of manipulated cells with
the intent of developing a whole organism is prohibited.
Future aspect of stem cells

Currently, there are several challenges concerning stem cells. The

efficiency of stem cell-directed differentiation must be improved to
make stem cells more reliable and trustworthy for a regular patient.
The scale of the procedure is another challenge.
But with further Development and versatility of stem cells may
cause reduction of treatment costs for people suffering from
currently incurable diseases.
Although these challenges facing stem cell science can be
overwhelming.Their impact on future medicine appears to be
significant.
Conclusion

• After several decades of experiments, stem cell therapy is

becoming a magnificent game changer for medicine. Currently,
untreatable neurodegenerative diseases have the possibility of
becoming treatable with stem cell therapy.
• With stem cell therapy and all its regenerative benefits, we are
better able to prolong human life than at any time in history.
Reference

• https://stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13287-
019-1165-5
• https://www.aaas.org/sites/default/files/content_files/Stem%20C
ell%20Research%20and%20Applications%20Report.pdf
• https://dbtindia.gov.in/sites/default/files/National_Guidelines_St
emCellResearch-2017.pdf
• https://main.icmr.nic.in/sites/default/files/guidelines/stem_cell_
guidelines_2007_0.pdf