TECHNOLOGY

Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving

practical goals in a reproducible way. The word technology can
also mean the products resulting from such efforts, including
both tangible tools such as utensils or machines, and intangible
ones such as software.
ACCORDING TO MCGINN

There are four meanings of technology

 Techics
 Technology
 A form of human activity
 A total societal enterprise
Technics

Materiel , artifacts or hardware

produced by a person group or
society
Technology

The complex of knowledge methods

materials and if applicable constituent parts
used in making certain kind of technic
Form of human cultural activity

A specifictype of endeavor practiced by

technologists
Total societal enterprise

 The complex of knowledge people skills organization facilities technics physical

resources methods and technologies that taken together and in relationship to one
another are devoted to the research development production and operation of
technics
ERA’S OF TECHNOLOGY
 3.3 million years ago to 2500 BC: Stone Age.
 2500 to 2300 BC: Chalcolithic Age.
 2300 to 700 BC: Bronze Age.
 700 to 450 BC: Iron Age.
 450 BC to 450 AD: Classical Age.
 450 to 1400 AD: Middle Ages.
 1400 to 1750 AD: Renaissance.
 1750 to 1840 AD: Industrial Age.
STONE AGE

The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period

during which stone was widely used to make stone
tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion
surface. The period lasted for roughly 3.4 million
years, and ended between 4,000 BC and 2,000 BC,
with the advent of metalworking.
 Metal age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age
division of the prehistory and protohistory of
humanity. It was preceded by the Stone Age and the
Bronze Age. The concept has been mostly applied
to Iron Age Europe and the Ancient Near East, but
also,
1200 bc to 500 bc
MIDDLE AGE

 The Middle Ages was the period in European history from the collapse of
Roman civilization in the 5th century CE to the period of the
Renaissance (variously interpreted as beginning in the 13th, 14th, or 15th
century, depending on the region of Europe and other factors).
 The period saw major technological advances, including the adoption of
gunpowder, the invention of vertical windmills, spectacles, mechanical clocks,
and greatly improved water mills, building techniques (Gothic architecture,
medieval castles), and agriculture in general (three-field crop rotation).
renaissance age
 The era is marked by profound technical advancements such as
the printing press, linear perspective in drawing, patent law,
double shell domes and bastion fortresses.
 The Renaissance was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic,
political and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages.
Generally described as taking place from the 14th century to the
17th century, the Renaissance promoted the rediscovery of classical
philosophy, literature and art.
Industrial age

 The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in

Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States, that occurred during the
period from around 1760 to about 1820–1840.
 The Industrial Revolution was the transition from creating goods by hand to using
machines. Its start and end are widely debated by scholars, but the period
generally spanned from about 1760 to 1840.
The 20th Century

 We began the 20th century with the infancy of airplanes,

automobiles, and radio, when those inventions dazzled us with
their novelty and wonder. We ended the 20th century with
spaceships, computers, cell phones, and the wireless Internet all
being technologies we can take for granted.
Inventions and inventors
 Inventions means to create something doesn’t exist so far.
 An inventor is someone who discovers or produces a
useful object r process that did not exist before
aeroplane

a vehicle with wings, powered by engines and

having the ability to fly.

 Wright brothers
Atomic bomb
a bomb that derives its destructive power from
the rapid release of nuclear energy by fission of
heavy atomic nuclei, causing damage through
heat, blast, and radioactivity.
 J. Robert Oppenheimer
Ball pen Point

 A ballpoint pen is a writing instrument with a tip that is

continuously supplied with ink. The pen consists of a metal ball
seated in a socket below an ink reservoir (the chamber or tube that
holds a supply of ink). The ink reservoir is called an ink cartridge.
 László Bíró
 Invented 1938
Clinical Thermometor

 itis developed for measuring the human body

temperature. It is a long narrow glass tube with a
bulb containing mercury at the end.

 Sir Thomas Clifford Allbutt

 1867
 Computer

 A computer is a machine that can be programmed to carry out sequences

of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. Modern digital
electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as
programs. These programs enable computers to perform a wide range of
tasks

 Charles Babbage
Dynamite

a high explosive consisting of nitroglycerine mixed with

an absorbent material and typically molded into sticks.

 Alfred nobel
 1867
Electric Iron

 isa small appliance that, when heated, is used to

press clothes to remove wrinkles and unwanted
creases.

Henry Seely White

1882
electrocardiogram

 Anelectrocardiogram records the electrical signals in the heart. It's a common

and painless test used to quickly detect heart problems and monitor the heart's
health. An electrocardiogram — also called ECG or EKG — is often done in a
health care provider's office, a clinic or a hospital room

 Willem Einthoven
1887
Elevator

 elevator, also called lift, car that moves in a vertical shaft to carry passengers or
freight between the levels of a multistory building. Most modern elevators are
propelled by electric motors, with the aid of a counterweight, through a system of
cables and sheaves (pulleys).

 Elisha Graves Otis

 1853
Escalator

 An escalator is a moving staircase which carries people between

floors of a building or structure. It consists of a motor-driven chain
of individually linked steps on a track which cycle on a pair of
tracks which keep the step tread horizontal.

 Jesse W Reno
 Charles D. Seeberger
 1891
Gears

 A gear is a rotating circular machine part having cut teeth or, in the
case of a cogwheel or gearwheel, inserted teeth, which mesh with
another toothed part to transmit torque and speed. The basic
principle behind the operation of gears is analogous to the basic
principle of levers

 Onesiphore Pecquer
 1827
Hook and loop

 Hook-and-loop fasteners, hook-and-pile fasteners or touch

fasteners consist of two components: typically, two lineal
fabric strips which are attached to the opposing surfaces to be
fastened. The first component features tiny hooks; the second
features smaller loops

 George de Mestral
 1957
Ice cream

 Ice cream is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a

snack or dessert. It may be made from milk or cream and is
flavoured with a sweetener, either sugar or an alternative,
and a spice, such as cocoa or vanilla, or with fruit such as
strawberries or peaches

 Gerald Tissain
 1620
Lazer

 a device that produces a nearly parallel, nearly monochromatic, and

coherent beam of light by exciting atoms to a higher energy level
and causing them to radiate their energy in phase.

 The first laser was built in 1960 by Theodore Maiman

Microscope

 A microscope is a laboratory instrument used to examine objects

that are too small to be seen by the naked eye. Microscopy is the
science of investigating small objects and structures using a
microscope. Microscopic means being invisible to the eye unless
aided by a microscope.

 Zacharias Janssen
 1590
Microwave oven

 A microwave oven is a relatively small, boxlike oven that raises the

temperature of food by subjecting it to a high-frequency electromagnetic
field. The microwaves are absorbed by water, fats, sugars, and certain other
molecules, whose consequent vibrations produce heat

 Percy Spencer
 1946
Motor
 A motor vehicle, also known as motorized vehicle or automotive vehicle,
is a self-propelled land vehicle, commonly wheeled, that does not operate
on rails and is used for the transportation of people or cargo.

 The first internal combustion, petroleum fueled motorcycle was the

Daimler Reitwagen. It was designed and built by the German
inventors Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Bad Cannstatt,
Germany, in 1885.
 Parachute
 A parachute is a device used to slow the motion of an object through an atmosphere by
creating drag or, in a ram-air parachute, aerodynamic lift. A major application is to support
people, for recreation or as a safety device for aviators, who can exit from an aircraft at
height and descend safely to earth.

 The modern parachute was invented in 1783 by Louis-Sébastien Lenormand

 The first successful parachute jump was made in 1797
 Leonardo the Vinci sketched a parachute
camera

a device for recording visual images in the form of

photographs, film, or video signals.

 The first camera was invented in 1816 by Frenchman Joseph Nicéphore Niépce.
Radio

 : the wireless transmission and reception of electric impulses or

signals by means of electromagnetic waves. : the use of these
waves for the wireless transmission of electric impulses into which
sound is converted.

Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi (pictured at right) first developed

the idea of a radio, or wireless telegraph, in the 1890s.
 Microphone
 A microphone is a device that translates sound vibrations in the air into electronic signals and
scribes them to a recording medium or over a loudspeaker. Microphones enable many types of
audio recording devices for purposes including communications of many kinds, as well as music
vocals, speech and sound recording.

 David Edward Hughes invented a carbon microphone in the 1870s.

 James West He is known worldwide as the co-inventor of the foil electret microphone. This is a
type of condenser microphone upon which 90 percent of all microphones used today are based
(such as telephones, sound and music recording equipment, and hearing aids).
 refrigerator

 A refrigerator is an open system that dispels heat from a closed space to a warmer area,
usually a kitchen or another room. By dispelling the heat from this area, it decreases in
temperature, allowing food and other items to remain at a cool temperature.

 Jacob parkin He is known as the father of the refrigerator. .

He invented the first refgerator in 1834
stethoscope

 the stethoscope helps amplify internal body sounds from the heart, lungs, and
bowls. Each internal sound has a “normal” frequency range that doctors listen for.
Since its first introduction to the medical world, the stethoscope has evolved in
technology and what doctors look for when they listen.
 René Laennec
 1816
syringe

 A syringe is a simple reciprocating pump consisting of a plunger that fits tightly

within a cylindrical tube called a barrel. The plunger can be linearly pulled and
pushed along the inside of the tube, allowing the syringe to take in and expel liquid
or gas through a discharge orifice at the front end of the tube.

 Francis Rynd.
1844
telephone

 telephone, an instrument designed for the simultaneous transmission and

reception of the human voice. The telephone is inexpensive, is simple to operate,
and offers its users an immediate, personal type of communication that cannot be
obtained through any other medium.

 Alexander graham bell

 1876
Thermo Flask

 keep hot liquids hot and cold liquids cold for long hours. It consists of a glass vessel
with double walls. The glass vessel is enclosed by a metal or plastic cover for protection
against damage. The space between the walls is vacuum which reduces the heat loss due
to conduction and convection

 James Dewar
 1892
VCR

 A VCR (videocassette recorder) is an electromechanical device for recording and

playing back full-motion audio-visual programming on cassettes containing magnetic
tape. Most videocassettes have tape measuring

 Charles Paulson Ginsburg

 1956
Washing machine

 A washing machine (laundry machine, clothes washer, washer, or simply wash)

is a home appliance used to wash laundry. The term is mostly applied to machines
that use water as opposed to dry cleaning (which uses alternative cleaning fluids
and is performed by specialist businesses) or ultrasonic cleaners

 James King in 1851 created the first washing machine to use a drum,
Air conditioning,

 often abbreviated as A/C, AC, or air con, is the process of removing heat from an
enclosed space to achieve a more comfortable interior environment and in some
cases also strictly controlling the humidity of internal air.

 In 1902, Willis Carrier submitted his design for the first modern air-conditioning
system, accomplishing a feat that was once thought to be impossible – control of
the indoor environment.
GUN

 The first firearm was the fire lance, which appeared in China between the 10–
12th centuries. It was depicted in a silk painting dated to the mid-10th but textual
evidence of its use does not appear until 1132, describing the siege of De'an. It
consisted of a bamboo tube of gunpowder tied to a spear or other polearm.