CHAPTER 5 SOCIAL ARITHMETIC

(Aritmetika Sosial)
A. Social Arithmetic in Economic Activity
(Aritmetika Sosial dalam Kegiatan Ekonomi)
B. Discount, Gross Weight, Tare, Net Weight
(Diskon, bruto (berat kotor), Tara, dan Netto (Berat
bersih)
C. Saving Interest
(Bunga)
 A. Social Arithmetic in Economic Activity
(Aritmetika Sosial dalam Kegiatan Ekonomi)
1. Buying Price (Harga Beli), Selling Price (Harga Jual), Profit (Keuntungan),
and Loss (Kerugian)

Profit (Selling Price > Buying Price)

Profit = Selling Price – Buying Price
Selling Price = Buying Price + Profit
Buying Price = Selling Price – Profit

Loss (Selling Price < Buying Price)

Loss = Buying Price –Selling Price
Selling Price = Buying Price – Loss
Buying Price = Selling Price + Loss
Example 1:
Ucok buys a book at a price of IDR 2,500.00. Then he sells it, getting a price of IDR 3,000.00.
a. Does he suffer a profit or a loss?
b. How much profit or loss he gets?
c. Determine the percentage of his profit or loss.
Example 2:
Ute buys a ruler at a price of IDR 2,000.00. Then she sells it, getting a price of IDR 1,500.00.
a. Does she suffer a profit or a loss?
b. How much profit or loss she gets?
c. Determine the percentage of her profit or loss.
Example 3:
Made buys a pair of shoes with a price of IDR 125,000.00. He sells it for a profit of
IDR 30,000.00. Determine the selling price for a pair of shoes!
Example 4:
Daeng sells a bag with a price of IDR 100,000.00, at loss of IDR 25,000.00. Determine
the buying price for the bag!
Example 5:
Mother buys a dozen of pencil at a price of IDR 30,000.00. Then she sells it at a price of IDR
2,000.00 per pencil.
a. Does she suffer a profit or a loss?
b. How much profit or loss she gets?
c. Determine the percentage of his profit or loss.
Example 6:
Mr. Dudung bought an old bicycle for IDR 500,000.00 and spent IDR 50,000.00. Then he sold
it for a profit of 20%. Find the selling price!
Example 7:
Mr. Nano buys a TV at a price of IDR 2,400,000.00. Then he sells it, at a loss of 25%. Find the
selling price of the TV!
Example 8:
Mr. Tono sold a bag for IDR 120,000.00, at a profit of 20%. Find the buying price of the bag!
Example 9:
Mrs. Bani sold a shirt for IDR 120,000.00, at a loss of 25%. Find the buying price of the shirt!
Example 10:
A trader buys a basket of oranges which weighs 50 kg for IDR 500,000.00. He then
sorted the oranges by size. It turns out that there are 35 kg of large oranges, 13 kg of
small oranges, and the rest is rotten (busuk). He sells large oranges for IDR
12,000.00; while small oranges are sold for IDR 10,000.00.
a. Does trader suffer a profit or a loss?
b. How much profit or loss trader gets?
c. Determine the percentage of his profit or loss.
B. Discount (Diskon), Gross Weight (bruto (berat kotor)),
Tare (Tara), Net Weight (Netto (Berat bersih))

1. Discount (Diskon)
Discount is an amount that is subtracted from the original price of
an item. (jumlah yang dikurangkan dari harga asli suatu barang)

Original Price (Harga Asli) : The price before discount (Harga sebelum diskon)

Net Price (Harga Bersih) : The price after discount (Harga setelah diskon)
Discount = Original Price – Net price
Example 1:
Consider the following picture!
Determine the price of t-shirt after discount!

IDR
125,000.00
Example 2:
Consider the following picture!
The price shown is the price after the
Rp200.000,00
discount. How much is the price of the bag
before the discount?
Example 3:
Consider the following picture!
Paijo has only IDR 250,000.00.
a. Can he buy the pair shoes if he gets 50%+20%
discount?
b. Is it 50% + 20% discount equal 70% discount? IDR 600,000.00
Which is cheaper?
 BOOK STORE
Consider the following table!
Store
Price of item
A B C D
Book @ IDR 20,000.00 15% 25% 20% 10%
Pen @ IDR 10,000.00 20% 10% 15% 25%

From the table, determine the following statements, true or false!

Statement True False

1. Book price at Store B is cheapest ... ...
2. Pen price at Store D is cheapest ... ...
3. The price of book in store A is cheaper than store C. ... ...
4. If you buy 1 book and 1 pen, the cheapest one is at Store D ... ...
5. If you buy 1 book and 2 pens, the most expensive is at Store C ... ...
 Store
Price of item
A B C D
Book @ IDR 20,000.00 15% 25% 20% 10%
Net Price
Pen @ IDR 10,000.00 20% 10% 15% 25%
Net Price
1 Book + 1 Pen
1 Book + 2 Pens
2. Gross Weight (bruto (berat kotor)), Tare (Tara), and Net Weight (Netto (Berat
bersih))

Tare : Weight of the packaging or the container containing your products.

Net weight : Weight of the actual product itself.
Gross weight : Weight of the product plus the weight of its packaging.

Consider the following picture!

On the back door of a container truck, there is
usually a written weight indicating the gross
weight, tare and net weight.
Gross weight = net weight + tare
Net weight = Gross weight – tare
Tare = Gross weight – net weight
Example 1:
A crate of mangoes weighs 50 kg. If the mangoes weighs 48.5 kg,
how much does the empty crate weigh?
Example 2:
A full bottle of water weighs 0.5 kg. If weight of empty bottle 42
grams, how much does the water inside it weigh?
Example 3:
A empty truck weighs 3 tons. It is the loaded with 1,538 kg
of products. How much does the full truck weigh now?
Example 4:
Gross weight of shipment is 150 kg and its tare is 4 %.
Calculate the net weight of the shipment.
Example 5:
Mr. Handi bought 6 crates of oranges at a price of IDR
500,000 per crate. Each crate of oranges weighs 50 kg,
while each crate weighs is 2 kg. Then Mr. Handi sells the
oranges for IDR 12,000 per kg.
Determine the following statements, true or false!
a. Its gross weight is 300 kg
b. tare's weight was 12 kg
c. The buying price of the oranges is IDR 2,500,000
d. The selling price of the oranges is IDR 3,000,000
e. Pak Handi got a profit of IDR 500,000
 C. Saving Interest (Bunga Tabungan)

Saving Interest (Bunga tabungan), dalam rupiah

Annual Interest (suku bunga tahunan), dalam %
First Saving (Tabungan Awal)
Time of saving (lama menabung)
Total Amount of saving (jumlah total tabungan)

B= b t

= +B
EXERCISE 3 PAGE 137 (YELLOW BOOK)
1. Alya saves IDR 5,000,000.00 in “Aman” bank with the annual interest 8%. Calculate:
a. Saving interest for a year
b. Saving interest for 9 months
c. Total amount of Alya’s money after 3 years
EXERCISE 3 PAGE 137 (YELLOW BOOK)
2. Darma saves IDR 8,000,000.00 in “Adil” bank. After 5 months, his money become IDR
8,200,000.00. Calculate:
a. Annual interest
b. Saving interest for one year
c. Total amount of his money after 22 months
EXERCISE 3 PAGE 137 (YELLOW BOOK)
3. A businessman borrows IDR 30,000,000.00 from “Jujur” bank for 6 months. Based on
the agreement between bank and the businessman, the annual interest is 12%.
Determine the installment (angsuran) should be paid per months.
EXERCISE 3 PAGE 137 (YELLOW BOOK)
9. Refa borrowed IDR 4,000,000.00 in a bank for 8 months. If the annual interest 12%,
then the specify the monthly installment!