Introduction to Islamic

Studies
Instructor: Dr.Oumar Saleem
 ISLAM
(‫ِإَّن الِّد يَن ِع نَد ِهَّللا اِإل ْس َالُم )أل عمرأن‬
 Literally means : submission
 In Islamic shariah, it refers to the complete submission &
devotion to the commandments of Allah.
Fundamentals of Islam
 Islam ,a complete code of life
 Deals with all spheres of life
 Beliefs
 Worships
 Economy & Dealings
 Social life
 Ethics
Sources of Islamic Law

 Basic and primary sources of Islamic law

1: Quran
2: Hadith
 Secondary sources of Islamic law

1: Ijma (Consensus of Scholarly Opinion)

2: Qiyas (Analogical Deduction)
Introduction to Holy Quran (Scripture)

 That is the last of the revealed books of Allah.

It was sent down to His last messenger
Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH).
 All the heavenly books that Allah revealed

were brought along with His other messages

to His Prophets by the angel Jibreel. Hence,
when Allah willed that the Quran be revealed
to the Holy Prophet, it was Jibreel who
brought the first revelation to him in the Cave
of Hira.
First revelation of Holy Quran

 In the cave of Hira in one of the last ten

nights of Ramadan .while in the next 23
years, the Quran was sent down to the Holy
Prophet bit by bit . Sometime Allah would
revealed several verses, a complete Surah.
Whenever the Holy Prophet would receive a
revelation, he would also be divinely guided
arrange the same in the specified sequence of
surahs of the Holy Quran.
Methods of Revelation

The revelation would reach the Holy Prophet in

different ways on different occasions .These
are as follows.
1: Jibreel
2: Dreams
3: Divine Sounds
4: Direct conversation with Allah
Divisions in the types of verses
The Quranic verses are divided into two main categories
1: Makki
2: Madani
Makki :These are verses revealed to the Holy Prophet during
Makin phase of his mission .These sura mostly consist of
subject as ,Oneness of Allah ,Prophet hood, affirmation of
the Hereafter ,the panorama of the Resurrection ,words of
the comfort for Holy Prophet and the events of the past
communities.
Madani :These are verses revealed to the Holy Prophet after
hijrah .The style of the Madani surahs is comparatively
simple .These mostly address the hypocrites and the
people of the books .Now that the Islamic state was being
established ,the verses revealed were regarding family and
social laws & injunction of jihad.
Quranic Terminologies

1:Qurani’c commandments are called ‘Awamir’

2:Things that the Quran forbids are called
‘Nawahi’
3:Absolute and categorical decree of the Quran
is Known as ‘Nass’
Importance of the Holy Quran

 Quran commands to believers to settle their

disputes according to the Quran
 Quran commands judges to declare their

decisions in accordance with the Quran.

Those judges who fail to do so are described
as disbelievers .
 The Holy Quran is a guidance for mankind

and clear proofs of guidance (of right and

wrong)
The Quran as a source of Islamic law

 The Holy Quran constitutes the foundation of Islamic law and therefore
the primary and most reliable source. It is the final word of Allah
revealed to the last Messenger ,Muhammad (PBUH). The Holy Prophet
then conveyed the divine message to the people for guidance to the
right path .
 The Quran in this regard says
‘judge between them by what Allah has revealed and follow not
their vain desire’’ (Al Mai’da:49)
‘If anyone do fail to judge by what Allah has revealed, they are
unbelievers ‘’ (Al Mai’da:44)

 The Quran assures us of its authenticity and genuineness and its being
a source of ultimate guidance for those who are God fearing and who
are true Believers.
 The Quran courses not only the spiritual and moral aspects of life but
it also deals with social, economical, judicial and even political spheres
.It provides details of social behaviours and ethics.
The Quran includes many
instructions about
 1. Personal behaviour
 2. Financial dealings
 3. Criminal law
 4. Order of law making
Pillars of Islam
 The Holy prophet declared the following to be
the five pillars of Islam
 The Shahada: to declare that there is no God

but Allah & Muhammad is His Messenger

 To offer the Salah
 To fast in Ramadan
 To pay the Zakah,if applicable
 To perform the Hajj, if one can afford it
Tawheed
 1st pillar of Islam
 Main difference between believer and kafir

 Effects of Tawheed on person’s life:

 Open-mindedness
 Self-esteem
 Modesty & humbleness
 Virtuous & upright
 Optimistic
 Bravery
Components of Tawheed

 Shahada consists of two components

 Expression of Tawheed or absolute oneness &

uniqueness of Allah
 Declaration about the messenger hood of the prophet

(PBUH)
Surah Ikhlas best summarizes the dimensions of
Tawheed
‘say, He is Allah: the one and Only. Allah, the Eternal
Absolute. He does not beget, nor is He begotten. And
there is none like Him’
Salah (prayer)

 2nd pillar of Islam

 Most important mode of worship
 The Holy Quran enjoins this upon each grown

Muslim
 ‘this is the book there is no doubt about it: in it is

Guidance for those who fear Allah who believe in the

unseen, and establish prayer..’(al-Baqara)
 The Holy prophet declared
 ‘Salah differentiates between belief & disbelief’