GAS LAW AND THE

PROPERTIES OF AN IDEAL
GAS
Boyle’s law and Charles’ law

there were many investigators who where involved in

the study of gases. Two of them were Irish scientist Robert
Boyle and Frenchman Jacques Charles.
Boyle establish the relationship between pressure and
volume of an ideal gas when the temperature and the
number of moles of the gas are both held constant

P1 V1 = P2 V2
SAMPLE PROBLEM

A gas occupies a volume of 75 at a temperature of 0

and a pressure of 2,500 N/. Use the boyle’s law to
calculate the volume that will be occupied by the same
amount of gas also at 0 if the pressure is increased to
25,000 N/.
Given:
V1=75 V2=?
P1=2,500 N/ P2=25,000 N/

V2=

V2=

V2=7.5
THERMODYNAMICS
Thermodynamics – Branch of physics whose principles
and ideas are connected with temperature and heat and
their relation to work and energy.

System – is a collection of object with properties and

characteristic that can be described through
thermodynamics variables.

Surroundings – everything else in the environment

Diathermal wall – The wall on engine block that permits
the heat to flow through it.

Adiabatic wall – A perfectly insulating walls which do

not permit heat to flow between the system and its
surroundings.
The first law of thermodynamics

Deals with the ways in which system can gain or lose

energy from its surroundings.

It is also associated with the law of conservation of

energy which states that energy cannot be created nor
destroyed, it can transfer or energy input is equal to energy
output.
SAMPLE PROBLEM

A system absorbs 2,000 J of heat from its surrounding

and does 2,500 J of work on its surroundings. Calculate
the change in internal energy of the system.
Given:
Q=2,000J
W=2,500J

ΔU=Q-W

ΔU=2,000J-2,500J

ΔU=500J
The second law of thermodynamics

It states that it is possible to construct a heat engine

operating in a cycle that extract heat from a reservoir and
delivers an equal amount of work .
Hot reservoir

Engine

Cold reservoir
SAMPLE PROBLEM

A system absorbs 2,000 J of heat from its surrounding

and does 2,500 J of work on its surroundings. Calculate
the efficiency of an engine in internal energy of the
system.
Given:
Q=2,000J
W=2,500J

e=

e=

e=1.25J