

GROUP MEMBERS

WASEEM RASOOL DARA
ZEESHAN AHMED
TALHA ABBASI
 Topic of presentation


 FORMATION OF STARS
 Table of Contents

 Definition of a Star.
 Elements of a Star.
 Physical Attributes.
 Brightness of a Star.
 Sizes of a Star.
 Patterns of a Star.
 Properties of star.
 Formation of stars.
 Life cycle of stars.
 What is Sun.
 Black holes.
 What is a star?

 A gaseous sphere found in
outer space. A star is held
together by its own gravitation.
It emits light through its
source of nuclear energy.
 Elements of a Star

What Elements Make Up a Star?
1%
1% 1%
Hydrogen
1% 1%
1% Helium
26% Oxygen
Carbon
Nitrogen

68% Silicon
Magnesium
Neon
 Physical Attributes of
Stars

Physical
Attributes

Brightness Size Patterns

Brightness

 Factors effecting
brightness

 Distance from the earth.
 How bright star actually is.
 Sizes

 Three types of sizes:
 Small size stars.( p cygni)
 Medium size stars.(Sun)
 Large or massive size stars
(proxima centauri).
 Patterns

 Stars can form patterns in the sky known as
constellations.
 There are 88 known constellation.
 One of the important is Orion.
 Patterns

 Great bear or Ursa major constellation
- It appears in northern sky.
- It consist of group of seven stars.
- it resembles like bear.
 Formation of stars

 1st Step:
-Stars form from nebulas
-Gas and dust begin to collide, contract and heat
up.
 Formation of stars

 2nd Step:
-As nebula contracts, a small star is formed Called
a proto-star
-Eventually, the proto-star will begin nuclear
fusion.
-Necessary for stars to survive
 Nuclear fusion reaction

 Nuclei combines in order to release enegy.
Stages:
- proton-proton reaction.
- positron electron reaction.
- addition of more proton and addition of light
weight helium in order to release enegy.
 Formation of stars

 3rd Step:
-Star joins the main sequence.
-90% of stars spend life here.
-Nuclear fusion occurs.

Life cycle of stars

Other properties of stars

 Luminosity – The total amount of energy (light)
that a star emits into space.
 Temperature – surface temperature, closely
related to the luminosity and color of the star.
 Color - A: blue – hottest
B: yellow and white – hot
C: red - cool
 What is sun?

 Sun is medium sized yellow star.
 It born 4.6 billion years ago.
 It is a main source of heat energy in our solar system.
 Temperature at sun surface about 6000k.
 Fusion reactions occurring on sun surface.
 Life cycle of sun

 Sun forms from solar nebula.
 The nebula collapse and start spinning until it
forms flat disc.
 Temperature increased at center of the disc.
 Temperature increased at center and nuclear
fusion started.
 At center stars born rest of material forms
planet.
 When sun will run out of fuel it began dies it outer
layer of sun explode leaving behind white dwarf.

 Sun is a main-sequence
star

 A medium size star at the middle of its life span.
 Outer pressure is equal to inner pressure.
 Black holes

 What is a Black Hole???

- An object so massive and dense that not even

light can escape its gravity.
- The end result from a supernova of a star that
has a mass greater than 3x the sun.

Why dying stars have so
many color

 During the death of stars the core of the star emits
ultraviolet rays and ionized the gases formed by
explosion of explosion outer layer of stars.

 References

 http://
www.kidport.com/reflib/science/Space/Stars.htm
 http://
earthsky.org/favorite-star-patterns/v-shaped-hyade
s-star-cluster-easy-to-find
 http://
www.athropolis.com/arctic-facts/fact-great-bear.ht
m
 https://darkskydiary.wordpress.com/tag/orion/
 http://
www.slideshare.net/nairamode/stars-andstarpatter
ns
 References

 https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=IpZn99EDR9M
 http://planetfacts.org/star/
 https://
www.google.com.pk/search?q=small+stars&espv=2
&biw=1093&bih=514&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=
X&ved=0ahUKEwijyar-yM3MAhWOwY4KHWndDI
4Q_AUIBigB#tbm=isch&q=small+size+stars&imgrc
=oaXo4SAkDbNl0M%3A
