CAUSE AND EFFECT

A fox said to a crow with a piece of cheese between its beak, “If you can sing as prettily as you sit, then you are the prettiest singer.

The fox thought that once the crow starts to sing, the cheese would drop from her beak. But the crow carefully removed the cheese with the cloves of one foot and said, “They say you are
sly, but you cannot fool me. “Not giving up, the fox continued to praise the crow. “You are really about your talents but I have to go to look for food because I’m hungry.”

“Wait! called the crow quickly. “Here, have a share of my lunch while you listen as I tell about myself.”

After a while, the fox, stroking his tummy and with a smile on his face, bade goodbye to the crow who was still talking.

1. Who are the characters in the story?

2. What did the fox want from the crow?
3. What did the fox do to get the cheese?
4. Did the crow share her cheese? Why?
5. What did the fox do after eating the cheese?
Study the following sentences.

1. The fox wanted the crow to drop the cheese from its beak because he was so hungry.

2. The crow called the fox back since she wanted the fox to hear what she was going to tell.

3. The crow shared her cheese with the fox so that the fox would not go away.

 The cause is the reason why something happens. It answers the question why, or what was the reason.
 Words that signal cause are because, if, since, and when.
 The effect is the result or the outcome of an event or happening.
 Words that signal an effect are therefore, then, so and as a result.

Read the sentences below. Write C before the sentence that is the cause and E for the part that is the effect.

1.______ The grass did not get any water.

______ As a result, the grass turned brown.

2. ______ Now, I can play.

______ Because I have done my assignment.

3. ______ Gary was not able to pass the test.

______ He did not study.

4. ______ Her sister, Emma was sick last Sunday.

______ As a result, she missed the picnic.

5. ______ Since the school is too far away from home.

______ I don’t go to school everyday

Directions: Match column A with column B to perceive cause-effect relationship.

1. Liza always eats a balanced diet. a. She experienced severe stomach pain.

2. Gerry listens very well to the teacher. b. The house became messy.

3. The stray cat scattered the garbage. c. Many people died.

4. Bernie ate a lot of food last night. d. She is strong and healthy.

5. During an earthquake a building collapsed e. He got perfect score in the test.

Identify if the underlined clause is a
cause or an effect.
1. It was a very hot day, so we
decided to go to the river to take a
bath.
2. Because Jane hates ampalaya,
she did not eat the vegetable.
3. Ann wanted to talk to Terry, so
she visited her in the house.
4. When it started to rain, she
hurriedly ran home.
5. She fell down the stairs, as a
result, Joy broke his leg.
Write C for cause and E for effect.
1. ______ It was a very hot day.
______ So we decided to go to the
river to take a bath.
2. ______ Because Jane hates
ampalaya.
______ She did not eat the
vegetable.
4. ______ Ann wanted to talk to
Terry.
______ So she visited her in the
house.
5. ______ It started to rain.
______ So she had to run home.
6. ______ Joy broke his leg.
______ Because she fell down the
stairs
Identify if the sentence if passive or
active.
__1. The delicious cake was baked
by my sister.
__2. She is called the soul diva.
__3. The pupils answered the
questions immediately.
__4. The story about the Hare and
Tortoise was written by Aesop.
__5. The famous adventure novels
were made by Walt Disney.
__6.He Asked the vendor about the
price.
__7. They investigated the incident
thoroughly.
__8. The poem was written by him.
__9. Gina took the picture on the
wall.
__10.The chocolates was eaten by
the kid.
Change the sentences into passive.
1. Alexander Graham Bell invented
the telephone.
2. My mother designed my
graduation dress.
3. Joey built a tree house.
4. Mother cooks my favourite food.
5. Jezy reads a book before going to
bed.
Tukuyin kung TAMA o MALI ang
isinasaas ng bawat pangungusap.
__1. Isa si Aquino sa mga
ipinabilanggo ni Marcos dahil sa
pagtutol niya sa pamamalakad ng
pamahalaang Marcos.
__2. Nagkaroon ng sunud – sunod
na rali at demonstrasyon upang
maibalik ang Kalayaan at katarungan
sa ating bansa sa pamamahala ni
Marcos.
__3. Pinagbibintangang bayarang
miyembro ng New People’s Army
(NPA) na isang gunman na si
Rolando Galman ang pumatay kay
Senador Aquino.
__4. Pinagtibay ang pamahalaang
parlamentaryo ng Bagong Republika
noong Abril 7, 1981.
__5. Nakatunggali ng Pangulong
Marcos sa halalan sina Martolome
Cabangbang at Alejo Santos noong
Agosto 21, 1983.
__6. Nagsabit ang mga Pilipino ng
pulang laso bilang tanda ng kanilang
kasiyahan sa pagdating ni Aquino.
__7. Nagdaos ng halalan para sa
panguluhan ng bansa ayon sa
itinakda ni Pangulong Marcos. Ito ay
upang magkaroon ng normalisasyon
sa bansa matapos alisin ang Batas
Militar.
__8. Nagkaroon ng sunud – sunod
na rali at demonstrasyon upang
maibalik ang Kalayaan at katarungan
sa ating bansa.
__9. Inilantad ng mga mamamayan
ang kanilang pagkamuhi sa
diktaduryang pamamahala ng
Marcos.
__10. Naghirap ang maraming
Pilipino sa panahon ng Batas Militar.
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
• The Solar System is a collective
name for the Sun together with the
groups of celestial (heavenly)
bodies that are held in it’s gravity
and revolve around the Sun.
Members of the Solar System
• 1. The Sun- is a star, a huge ball
of hot gases with a temperature of
around 15,000,000 degrees Celsius
at the center and 5,000 degrees
Celsius at the surface.
• 2. The Planets- classified into
four Terrestrial (Mercury, Venus,
Earth and Mars) and four Gaseous
 or Jovian (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus
and Neptune)
• 3. Comets
• 4. Meteoroids
• 5. Asteroids
• 6. Dwarf Planets in the
Kuiper Belt
How did the Planets Form?
Nebular Theory
• A nebula is a cloud of gas
and/or dust in space.
According to the nebular theory,
the sun and planets formed from a
rotating disk of dust and gases.
Planetesimals
Planetesimals are small,
irregularly shaped bodies formed
by colliding matter.
Compositions of Planet
Gases, hydrogen an helium, are
those with melting points near
absolute zero (0 Kelvin). These are
the most abundant constituents of
the solar nebula.
Rocks, principally silicate minerals
and metallic iron which have
melting points that exceed 700ºC.
Ices, include ammonia, methane,
carbon dioxide and water. They
have immediate melting points.
The Inner (Terrestrial) Planets
• Mercury, Venus, Earth and
Mars

1. MERCURY
 Nearest planet to the Sun.
 It is very hot during the day, 426
degrees Celsius and very cold at
night -170 degrees Celsius.
 Surface has many craters
because it has no atmosphere.
 Mercury has no moons.
 Rotation: 58 days, 15 hours, 30
minutes.
 Revolution: 88 days.
 The Fastest planet.
2. VENUS “The Veiled Planet”
 Second planet from the Sun.
 Aside from the Sun, Venus is the
brightest object in the sky
commonly referred to as the
“Morning and Evening Star”
 Considered as the Twin Planet
of the Earth.
 Venus is known as the hottest
planet because of its very thick
atmosphere made up of Carbon
dioxide.
 The layer of Carbon dioxide traps
heat and results to Greenhouse
 Effect, sending temperatures if
482 °C.
 Venus is the Earth’s closest
neighbor.
 It was the first planet to be
studied with space in 1962.
 Venus has no moons and the
gravity is as strong as the Earth.
 Rotation: 116 days, 18 hours.
 Revolution: 225 days
 Venus’ rotation is very slow that it
only rotates nearly two times in
one year.
Identify the following:
1. The movement of the earth on its
axis.
2. The movement of the earth
around the sun.
3. The center of the solar system.
4. The path wherein the planets
revolves around the sun.
5. Consists of groups of celestial
bodies that are held in its gravity
and revolve around the sun.
6. Classifiy as terrestrial and
gaseous.
7. This theory explains that sun and
planets formed from a rotating disc
of dust and gases.
8. The earth’s closest neighbour.
9. The only planet where life exists.
10. Planet that is discovered by
William Herschel.
11. Planet that has the fastest
winds in the solar system.
12. Nearest planet to the sun.
13. Commonly referred to Venus as
the brightest object in the sky.
14. Known as the Red Planet.
15. The largest moon in the solar
system.
16. It separates the terrestrial and
the Jovian planets.
17. The largest volcano in the Solar
system.
18. The first planet to be studied
with space in 1962.
19. The largest moon in planet
Uranus.
20. It has atmosphere that supports
and protects life.