RANDOM

VARIABLES
RANDOM VARIABLES

• Are characteristics or measurements that takes on

values as determined by probability.
• Any measurements or indicators can be considered
as random variables as long as their values are
numerical and dictated by probabilities.
TOSSING FOUR COINS
• Supposed four coins are tossed. Let Y be the random
variable representing the number of heads that
occur.
Find the values of the random variable Y
Construct the probability distribution of discrete
random variable
DRAWING OF BALLS FROM A BOX

• Two balls are drawn in succession without replacement from a box

containing 5 red balls and 6 yellow balls. Let Z be the random
variable representing the number of yellow balls.
Find the values of the random variable Z
Construct the probability distribution of discrete random variable
Create a histogram
Find the PMF
DEFECTIVE CELLPHONES
• Supposed three phones are tested at random. Let X be
the random variable representing the number of
defective cellphone that occur.
Find the values of the random variable Y
Construct the probability distribution of discrete
random variable
Create a histogram
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION OF
DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLES

•A discrete probability distribution consist

of the values a random variable can
assume and the corresponding
probabilities.
Example: if two coins are tossed. the possible outcome are HH,
HT,TH or TT. if x is the random variable for the number of head.
Values of
Possible
random
outcomes
variable X

HH 2 Number of
0 1 2
head, X

HT 1 Probability P(X)

TH 1

TT 0
EXAMPLE 1: CONSTRUCT A PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION FOR ROLLING A SINGLE DIE.

• Sample space:
• Each outcome has probability of

Outcome
1 2 3 4 5 6
X

P(X)
PROPERTIES OF DISCRETE PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION

• The sum of all probabilities should be equal to 1.

• P(X)=1
• probabilities should be confined between zero and 1

Number of head, X 0 1 2

Probability P(X)
• A. Suppose a random variable X can take the values 0,1,1,1,2,2,2,3,3 and 4.
find its;
1. Discrete Probability Distribution
2. Create the histogram; and
3. Find its PMF
• Three balls are drawn in succession from a box containing 4 blue balls and 4
yellow balls. Let Z be the random variable representing the number of blue
balls occur. Find the following;
1. values of the random variable Z;
2. Construct the discrete probability distribution;
3. Create a histogram; and
4. Find its PMF
 PLEASE READ AND UNDERSTAND
EVERYTHING, CAREFULLY.
•Suppose John Llyod is
courting three girls. Find the
standard deviation of the
discreet random x representing
the number of yes occur.