Ministry of science and education

Ablai Khan university of international relations and world languages

Faculty of translation and philology
Chair of English philology

Project work
Dialectical materialism

Done by: Musaeva R. R.

Badalova S.N.
Checked by: Aidarbekov Z.S.
 Dialectical materialism
Dialectical materialism, a philosophical approach to reality derived
from the teachings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. For Marx and
Engels, materialism meant that the material world, perceptible to the
senses, has objective reality independent of mind.

For them, the materialist and idealist views

were irreconcilably opposed throughout the
historical development of philosophy.
 Everything that exists is material

Our thoughts, abstractions

and ideas are only
reflections of material
objects in our physical
brains. There are no souls,
gods, angels, demons,
astral beings, or anything
else that doesn’t have a
physical form. No “pure
information” that isn’t an
objective reality. This is

the materialism.
Everything is in contradiction
Everything that exists, is in
contradiction and conflict with
something else. That comes in
pairs. Magnetic poles, Reps and
Dems, boys and girls. They fight,
and fight, and out of that fight,
something new comes about. And
immediately faces something else
to fight against. This has no
beginning and no end. Whatever, or
whoever is not fighting, is dead, or
is a fiction of our imagination. This

is the dialectics.
Marx’s and Engels’ conception of dialectics owes much
to
G.W.F. Hegel

In opposition to the “metaphysical” mode of thought,

Hegelian dialectics considers things in their movements
and changes, interrelations and interactions. Everything is
in continual process of becoming and ceasing to be, in
which nothing is permanent but everything changes and is
eventually superseded.
The theory of knowledge

The theory of knowledge of Marx

and Engels started from the
materialist premise that all
knowledge is derived from the
senses. They made an emphasis on
the dialectical development of
human knowledge, socially
acquired in the course of practical
activity. Individuals can gain
knowledge of things only through
their practical interaction with
 The Dialectical Materialist Approach
• “Things” are really processes with a
history & movement…everything
changes.
• A “thing” is composed of unified yet
contradictory forces shaping its particular
nature.
• These contradictory forces never remain
static, separate or in equilibrium; they
transform & “negate” each other; in the
process they become something new.
• “Things” can never be understood in
isolation; they are also transformed
through their relationship with other
processes in the world around them.
 The Dialectics of Theory &
Practice
• Dialectical materialism assumes that our
understanding of reality is never perfect or
complete.

• But our understanding (our THEORIES) can be

improved by testing them in PRACTICE.

• Scientific experiments can test some theories;

theories of social change must be tested in the
“lab” of social reality—activism.

This dialectical conflict & interaction

between theory & practice can both
i m p r o v e & t r a n s f o r m r e a l i t y.
Humans Evolved From Natural Selection,
Humans Imagined Their Creator Was God
O Materialism insists that a real, non-imaginary material
universe existed long before it gave rise to life &
human consciousness.
O Consciousness itself is a material process.
– Our thoughts & emotions are produced by the
complex neurological activities of our brains & its
sensory interaction with the rest of the world.
– A supernatural god did not create the material
world.
– Humans created gods & religions to explain a
powerful, mysterious, complex universe they could not
understand & to reduce their fear of death.