CROATIA

Mathematical Journey
(eTwinning project)
ESTABLISHMENT OF CROATIA
• The foundations of the Croatian state are found in the period of the early Middle
Ages when the Croats founded their two principalities: Pannonian and Littoral
Croatia. Then, under the Trpimirović ruling dynasty, Croatia became a unique
principality, and on June 7, 879, during the reign of Prince Branimir, it became an
independent state for the first time. In 925, under the leadership of King Tomislav,
Croatia became a kingdom. The last Croatian king was Petar Snačić, and after him
Croatia entered into a personal union with Hungary based on a treaty known as
the Pacta conventa concluded in 1102. With that agreement, Croatia retained all
important states, only the king was common. In 1527, due to the Ottoman attack
on Croatia, the Habsburg dynasty came to the Croatian throne
ESTABLISHMENT OF CROATIA
• During the Habsburg rule, Croatia also retained all the features of state
law, which is mostly reflected in the Pragmatic Sanction from 1712
and the Croatian-Hungarian Settlement from 1868.
• At the end of the First World War, in 1918, Croatia broke ties with
Austria-Hungary and participated in the founding of the State of the
Slovak Republic. Not long after, Croatia (as part of the SHS Kingdom)
was included in the SHS Kingdom (later the Kingdom of Yugoslavia),
although the Croatian Parliament never ratified that decision. It
regains a certain level of statehood as Banovina Hrvatska.
ESTABLISHMENT OF CROATIA
• During the Second World War, the Independent State of Croatia
existed on the territory of today's Croatia, BiH and Serbia. At the end
of the Second World War, in 1945, Croatia became a socialist republic
and as a federal unit formed the SFR Yugoslavia. In 1990, the first
democratic multi-party elections were held after 45 years of the one-
party system, and on May 30 of the same year, the democratically
elected multi-party Croatian Parliament was established. On June 25,
1991, the Republic of Croatia became an independent and independent
state by a constitutional decision of the National Assembly.
RELIEF OF CROATIA
• Geographically, Croatia covers an area that stretches from the vast
Pannonian Plain through the narrow area of the Dinaric Mountains to
the coast of the Adriatic Sea, one of the most indented in the world.
The interior therefore has the characteristics of a moderate continental
climate, while the Mediterranean climate prevails on the Adriatic
coast. Half of Croatia's territory is in the Pannonian-Peripannonian
area, a third in the coastal or Adriatic area, while the rest is in the
mountainous or Dinaric area. The 5,835 km long coast consists of
1,246 islands, islets, rocks and reefs, as well as numerous bays,
isthmuses, gulfs and peninsulas, the largest of which are Istria and
Pelješac.
GEOGRAPHICAL
LOCATION OF
CROATIA

• Croatia (official name: Republic of

Croatia) is a European country, in the
geopolitical sense a Central European
and Mediterranean country.[2] It borders
Slovenia and Hungary to the north,
Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina to
the east, Montenegro to the south, and
Italy to the west. The land area is 56,594
km², and the coastal sea area is 31,067
km², which ranks Croatia among
medium-sized European countries.
 • The capital is Zagreb, which is the political,
cultural, scientific and economic center of
CAPITAL the Republic of Croatia. During Croatian
CITY history, the most significant cultural
influences came from the Central European
and Mediterranean cultural circles.
CULTURAL HERITAGE
• Ancient monuments from the Paleolithic, were made of simple stone and bone. Some of the oldest
remains include 100,000-year-old Neanderthal bones, not far from Krapina, in Hrvatski Zagorje.
• The most interesting remains from the Copper Age or Eneolithic belong to the Vučedol culture.
The Bronze Age saw the development of the Vinkovac culture (named after the town of Vinkovci),
which is recognizable by its bronze fibulae, which exchanged objects such as needles and buttons.
• The culture of the Bronze Age Illyrians, the people who lived in this area, began to take shape in
the 7th century BC. Numerous monuments from this era have been preserved, as well as the walls
of the citadel, Nezakcij near Pula, one of the many Istrian cities from the Iron Age.
• The Greeks from Syracuse in Sicily in 390 BC. Kr. sailed to the islands of Vis (Issa), Hvar
(Pharos), and Korčula (Corcyra Nigra), and there founded city-states where they lived quite
isolated.
CULTURAL HERITAGE
• At the same time as the Greek colonies were developing on the islands, the
Illyrians were organizing themselves on the mainland. Their art was greatly
influenced by Greek art and they even copied it. The Illyrian queen Teuta,
who successfully waged defensive wars against the Romans, was famous.
However, the Romans conquered these areas in the 1st century, calling them
the Illyrian provinces.
• Throughout the coastal area, the Romans reorganized centers from citadels
into urban cities. There were at least 30 cities in Istria, Liburnia and
Dalmatia with Roman citizenship (civitas). The best-preserved network of
Roman streets (decumanus/cardo) was located in Epetion (Poreč) and Jader
(Zadar). The best-preserved Roman monuments are from the city of Pole
(Pula) including the 2nd century amphitheater.
CULTURAL HERITAGE
• In the 3rd century, the largest and most important city in Dalmatia was Salona with 40,000
inhabitants.
• Not far from the city, Emperor Diocletian, born in Salona, built Diocletian's Palace around the year
300, which is the largest and most significant monument of the late antique period in the world. In
the 4th century, Salona became the center of Christianity for the entire Western Balkans. There
were numerous basilicas and necropolises in it, and two saints lived in the city during that period:
Domnius (St. Dujam) and Anastasius (St. Anastasia). One of the few preserved basilicas in
Western Europe (besides the one in Ravenna) from the early Byzantine period is the Euphrasian
Basilica in Poreč from the 6th century.
• Pre-Romanesque Church of St. Donata in Zadar from the 9th century.
• In the early Middle Ages, there was a great migration of peoples, and this period was probably a
dark age in the cultural sense until the successful construction of Slavic states that cooperated with
the Italian cities that remained on the coast.
GASTRONOMY
• Croatian cuisine encompasses the entire culinary diversity of its
territory, that is, the totality of gastronomy and oenology in the form
of dishes, drinks, recipes, ingredients and products. Taking into
account its heterogeneity, it is also known as "regional cuisine".
• each part of Croatia has its own culinary tradition, such as Istria,
Dalmatia, Dubrovnik, Lika, Zagorje, Međimurje, Podravina and
Slavonia. Each has its own special cooking tradition specific to the
area, which is not necessarily well known in other parts of Croatia.
However, most dishes can be found throughout the country in local
forms.
GASTRONOMY
• The cuisine in the interior of Croatia has more similarities with
Austrian, German and Hungarian, and in some areas with Turkish
cuisine. On the Croatian Adriatic, on the other hand, the influences of
ancient and Illyrian cuisine, and later Mediterranean cuisine,
especially Italian, Hungarian, Viennese (Austrian) and French cuisine,
are visible.
GASTRONOMY
• The kitchens of continental Croatia are characterized by more complex
methods of preparation and a larger number of more nutritious dishes
and foods such as all kinds of meat, different types of vegetables,
fruits, cereals, and dairy products and eggs. In the kitchens of the
Croatian Adriatic along the coast and on the islands, the Mediterranean
diet, based on fish, seafood, fruits and vegetables, and olive oil,
prevails.
• Istria, Konavle and Pelješac are internationally recognized as wine-
growing areas of exceptional quality varieties, and other parts of
Croatia are not far behind.
 CROATIA
Mathematical Journey

eTwinning team
Marina Beg Umiljenović, prof.
Lana Kaloćira
Krsto Balen
Lorena Crnčević
Leon Deželjin
Laura Bojić
Pablo Kron