PHILIPPINE

CANCER
CONTROL
PROGRAM

JEHAINAH CLAIR PARAJES

TRIXIE JANE LLAMAS
SHIELOU LOMOD

BSN 2C
OBJECTIVES
To discuss about cancer, and brief descriptions of the types of
cancer.

To deferentiate the predisposing and presipitating factors and

signs and symptoms.

To be able to determine the laboratory and the diagnostic exam.

To know what are the interventions and management of cancer.

 Cancer
• Cancer or malignant neoplasm is a
group of various diseases
involving unregulated cell growth.
• In cancer, the cells divide, grow
uncontrollably forming malignant
tumors, and invade parts of the
body.
 General risk factors for cancer include:

•Aging
• Apersonal or family history of cancer
• Using tobacco
• Carrying too much weight, known as
being overweight or obese
• Alcohol use
• Some types of viral infections, such as human papillomavirus
(HPV) and the hepatitis virus
• Exposure to specific chemicals
• Exposure to radiation, including
ultraviolet radiation from the sun
 The warning signals of cancer can be
remembered through the use of the following
CAUTION
mnemonic device: US
• Change in bowel or bladder habits
• A sore throat that does not heal
• Unusual bleeding or discharge
• Thickening or lump in breast
• Indigestion or difficulty of swallowing
• Obvious change in a wart or mole
• Nagging cough or hoarseness
• Unexplained anemia
• Sudden weight loss
LABORATORY TESTS And Diagnostic tests
FOR CANCER

LABORATORY TESTS
A laboratory test is a procedure in which a health care
provider takes a sample of your blood, urine, other bodily fluid, or
body tissue to get information about your health.

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
An approaches used in clinical practice to identify with
high accuracy the disease of a particular patient and thus to
provide early and proper treatment.
 LABORATORY TESTS
For cancer
• URINALYSIS
Examines the color of urine and its contents, such as
sugar, protein, red blood cells, and white blood cells.

• URINE CYTOLOGY
Finds disease by looking for abnormal cells
shed from the urinary tract into the urine

• COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT (CBC)

Measures the number of red blood cells, white
blood cells, and platelets in your blood.
 LABORATORY TESTS for cancer

• IMMUNOPHENOTYPING
Uses antibodies to identify cells based on the
types of antigens or markers on the surface of the cells.

• BLOOD CHEMISTRY TEST

Measures the amount of substances such as
metabolites, and electrolytes released into the blood by the
organs and tissues.
• TUMOR MARKER TESTS
Measure substances that are produced by
cancer cells or other cells of the body in response to
cancer.
 LABORATORY TESTS FOR CANCER

• SPUTUM CYTOLOGY
Looks for abnormal cells in sputum or other
matter brought up from the lungs by coughing.

• LIQUID BIOPSY
A test done on a sample of blood to look for
cancer cells or pieces of DNA from tumor cells.

• CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS
Looks for changes in chromosomes in samples
of tissue, blood, bone marrow, or amniotic fluid.
 Diagnostic tests FOR CANCER

• ULTRASOUND
Uses high-energy sound waves that echo off
tissues inside the body then create pictures using
sonogram.

• BONE SCAN
Type of nuclear scan that check for abnormal
areas or damage in the bones.

• COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) SCAN

Uses an x-ray machine linked to a computer
to take a series of pictures of organs from different
angles.
 Diagnostic tests FOR CANCER

• MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)

Noninvasive medical imaging test that produces
detailed images of almost every internal structure in the
human body.

• POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET)

Uses a radioactive substance called a tracer to

look for disease in the body and shows how organs and
tissues
• X-RAY work.
Use of low doses of radiation to create pictures
inside the body.
 Management:
The most common treatments are surgery, chemotherapy, and
radiation. Other options include targeted therapy, immunotherapy,
laser, hormonal therapy, and others.
 Prevention of Cancer:

1.Maintain a Healthy Weight

-Keeping weight in check can be hard,
but it has amazing health benefits.
2. Exercise Regularly
Few things are as good for you as regular
physical activity. While it can be hard to find
the time, it’s important to fit in at least 30
minutes of activity every day. More is even
better, but any amount is better than none.
 3. Don’t Smoke Or Use Smokeless
Tobacco
Tobacco causes many types of cancer, along with
other serious problems. So, stay tobacco-free.
4. Eat a Healthy Diet

The basics of healthy eating are pretty

simple. Focus on fruits, vegetables and
whole grains, and keep red meat and
processed meat to a minimum.
5. Limit Alcohol – Zero Is Best
Drinking alcohol can increase the chances of
developing six different types of cancer.
6. Protect Yourself from the Sun And Avoid
Tanning Beds
While the warm sun can feel great, too much
exposure to it can lead to skin cancer, including
melanoma. And tanning beds can be just as
harmful. Skin damage starts early in childhood, so
it’s especially important to protect children.
 7. Protect Yourself From Sexually
Transmitted Infections
Sexually transmitted infections – like human
papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis and HIV – can
cause a number of different cancers. Protecting
against these infections can lower risk. Try to
always practice safer sex, which lowers the chance
of getting a sexually transmitted infection.
 8. Get Screening Tests
There are a number of important screening tests that can help protect
against cancer.
Age 21:
– Cervical cancer
Age 40:
– Breast cancer
– Prostate cancer (For African American men and others at highest risk,
discuss benefits and risks of screening with a healthcare provider)
Age 45:
– Colon cancer
– Prostate cancer (For average-risk men, discuss benefits and risks of
screening with a healthcare provider)
Age 50:
– Lung cancer (For people who smoke or used to smoke)
 8.2 Cancer Related Deaths
36.9%

14 Million New Cases

63.1%

Cancers figure among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality

worldwide, with approximately 14 million new cases and 8.2
million cancer related deaths in 2012 (WHO).
 800 Per Day
0.3% • NCDs are now considered a “silent
disaster”
• Filipino men, the 6 most common
sites of cancer diagnosed in 2010
(Globocan) were lung, liver,
colon/rectum, prostate, stomach, and
leukemia.
• Filipino women the 6 most common
sites diagnosed were breast, cervix,
300,000 Victims Per Year lung, colon/rectum, ovary and liver.
99.7%
Philippine Cancer Control Program which started
in 1990 through Administrative Order No. 89-A s.
1990, amending A.O. No. 188-A s. 1973. Hence,
the National Cancer Control Committee (NCCC)
developed the National Cancer Prevention and
Control Action Plan (NCPCAP) 2015-2020.
The National Cancer Prevention and
Control Action Plan 2015-2020 shall
cover the following key areas of
concern:
 • Policy and Standards Development

• Development of “National Policy on the Integration of

Palliative and Hospice Care into the Philippine Health Care
System”
• Development and Operationalization of National Cancer
Prevention and Control Website and Social Media Sites
• Development of “Comprehensive National Policy on Cancer
Prevention and Control”
• Establishment of National Cancer Center and Strategic
Satellite Cancer Centers
• Expansion of PhilHealth Z Benefit Package Coverage to
Other Cancers
 2. Advocacy and Promotions

a. Cancer Awareness Campaigns

b. Partnership with DepEd, CHED, DOLE-Bureau of Working Conditions, and

Civil Service Commission
 3. Capacity Building and Resource Mobilization

• Training of Trainers on Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control

• Training of Trainers on Palliative and Hospice Care
⚬ Palliative and hospice care has been the missing link in our health care delivery system.
Our Universal Health Care or Kalusugan Pangkalahatan would not be complete without
integrating palliative and hospice care into the existing promotive–preventive–curative-
rehabilitative continuum of care. It is therefore imperative to institutionalize and
integrate palliative and hospice care both in the hospitals or health facilities and in
community or home-based level.
• Training of Trainers on Patient Navigation Program
⚬ Patient Navigation Program / Medicine Access Program: It provides chemotherapy for
early stage breast cancer and acute lymphocytic leukemia and other diagnostic standard
procedures for eligible patients at no cost. This project involves seven (7) government
hospitals, namely: Philippine General Hospital, Jose Reyes Memorial Medical Center,
East Avenue Medical Center, Rizal Medical Center, Amang Rodriguez Memorial
Medical Center, Philippine Children’s Medical Center and Bicol Regional Training and
Teaching Hospital.
 4. Service Delivery

a. Availability of Free Cervical Cancer Screening in all trained

RHUs
b. Availability of cryotherapy equipment in every province (81
provinces)
c. Availability and accessibility of screenings for selected
cancers in all trained RHUs
d. School-based HPV vaccination of 9 to 13-year-old females
e. Hepatitis B vaccination for all health workers nationwide
 5. Information Management and Surveillance

a. Establishment of National Cancer Registry (hospital-

and population-based)
b. Development and Operationalization of Cancer
Helpline (including Telemedicine)
 6.) Research and Development

• Establishment of National Research and

Development Program for Cancer Control
• Research: Study on the Socio-Economic Burden and
Impact Assessment of Cancer in the Philippines
• Determination of Cancer Incidence in the
Philippines 2008-2013
6.) Research and Development
NATIONAL CANCER CONTROL COMMITTEE
 ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF NATIONAL CANCER CONTROL
COMMITTEE

• Set the roadmap of National Cancer Prevention and Control Program (NCPCP)
• Plan, establish and implement policies, guidelines and standards throughout the continuum of
holistic health care (preventive, promotive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative)
• Advise / recommend upgrading of existing cancer management facilities in the country
• Coordinating body for all cancer works in the country
• Ensure the implementation of NCPCP down to the grassroots level
• Establish and carry out an effective nationwide cancer education program / dissemination
• Provide technical and financial support on cancer prevention, early detection, treatment and
palliative care
• Establish and carry out effective training program
• Ensure the collection and analysis of data from registry and surveillance
• Implement, monitor and evaluate the NCPCP regularly through implementation review and impact
evaluation
• Empower and engage all the stakeholders to actively work on and participate in on various areas of
NCPCP
• Endorse support for researchers in the clinical, epidemiological, public health and knowledge
management areas and in collaboration with international institutes
• Others that may be identified and approved by the Secretary of Health
 LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE

LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE

EXPERTS GROUP
EXPERTS GROUP
EXPERTS GROUP
SUBCOMMITTEES OF NATIONAL CANCER CONTROL
COMMITTEE
SUBCOMMITTEES OF NATIONAL CANCER CONTROL
COMMITTEE