THE CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE

ENERGIES IN SAARC COUNTRIES: A STUDY

BASED ON THE CLUSTER ANALYSIS

INITIAL PRESENTATION

SUBMITTED BY:

ARSLAN LAGHARI (19EL50) [G.L]

NISAR AHMED (19EL53) SUPERVISOR: DR. FAHEEMULLAH SHEIKH
HALAR AHMED (19-18EL120) CO-SUPERVISOR: ENGR. MOKHI MAAN SIDDIQUI
C ONTENT

INTORODUCTION

LITERATURE REVIEW

LITERATURE REVIEW SUMMARY

PROBLEM STAETMENT

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

METHODOLOGY

PROJECT TIMELINE

REFERENCES
 INTRODUCTIO
N
 In recent years, the issue of climate change has become increasingly
pressing, and there has been a growing global movement towards adopting
renewable energy sources in many countries to reduce the impact of fossil
fuels on the environment.

 The production of non-fossil energy technology is the

most important to focus on and has the highest potential
for reducing emissions [1]

MUE
T
 INTRODUCTION
 The SAARC countries are facing a lot of challenges in adopting the
renewable energy technologies and this study will help us to analyze the
progress and challenges faced by each country.

 According to the study, SAARC countries rely heavily on

imported fossil fuels and a single energy source. renewable
energy sources are important for their sustainable expansion,
diversity of energy basket, energy security, and fulfilling
rising electricity demand. [2]
MUE
T
 INTRODUCTION
 The governments of South Asian countries have initiated renewable
energy policies to encourage industries and individuals to employ
renewable energy powered systems in power applications. [3]

 The purpose of this study is to segment the reference

countries into natural groups, based on the trend of energy

consumption from renewable sources, by means of an appropriate

hierarchical cluster analysis technique.

MUE
T
 INTRODUCTION
 The total renewable energy production in SAARC countries from
2000 to 2022

MUE
T
 LITERATURE REVI
EW

Alessandro Bedetti et al designed a Machine-learning based approach

to analyze the consumption of renewable energies in 28 European countries
by using the cluster analysis algorithm. [4]

Eng L. Ofetotsehave described about both energy consumption and the

characteristics of households are incorporated in the segmentation of energy
consumers and the variables that show the highest clustering tendency selected
by using K-means cluster method. [5]
 LITERATURE REVI
EW

Ambreen gul et. al examines the relationship between renewable energy sources and
sustainable economic growth in SAARC countries. In results, the all three
renewable energy sources have positive impacts on economic development,
with hydropower having the most significant effect. They used fixed-effect
and PVECM tests for data analysis. [6]

Qiang Wang et. al uses three panel threshold models to study the threshold effect of
renewable energy consumption on economic growth in the 34 member states of
the OECD from 2005 to 2016. The results show that the effect of renewable energy
consumption on economic growth is positive, which indicates that increased
renewable energy consumption contributes to economic growth. [7]
 LITERATURE REVI
EW

Hanif et al have analyzed that Around 60% of the world’s population lives in the
Asian region and the majority of the population meet their energy needs
through the combustion of fossil fuels and other non-renewable resources that
emit large amounts of CO 2. [8]

Muhammad Khalid Anser et. Al took the panel data sets for eight selected Asian
countries from 1990 to 2018. This research relies on the panel vector error correction
model (PVECM) for data estimation. The overall findings indicate that biomass,
geothermal, and wind power sources of energy have a positive and significant
impact on the economic advancement of Asian economies. [9]
 SUMMARY OF
LITERATURE REVIEW
 The research papers suggest that renewable energy is

becoming an increasingly important source of energy in the

SAARC countries. Several studies indicate that these countries

have high potential for renewable energy generation due to

their geographical location and climate.

 However, the uptake of renewable energy technologies in

these countries has been slow due to various challenges,

such as a lack of policy support, inadequate financing,

and insufficient infrastructure.

 PROBLEM STATEMENT

 The adoption of renewable energy sources is

crucial for addressing climate change in SAARC
countries. However, there are significant
disparities in the rate of adoption and types of
renewable energy sources being utilized. This
suggests that there are significant barriers
hindering the adoption of renewable energy in
SAARC countries.
 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The aim of this work is to conduct a study based on Cluster Analysis with reference to
data in historical series, from 2000 to 2022, on the percentages of gross final energy
consumption coming from renewable sources.

1. To determine the rate 2. To design a 3. To analyze the

of consumption of model by using data obtained
renewable energies in the cluster from the model
SAARC countries. Analysis
 METHODOLOGY
 The proposed research objectives will be achieved according to the
following steps:

Data collection
and pre-
processing

The data will be

collected from Th
World Bank

The data will be

checked for any
error, outliers or
missing values
Data collection To Analyze
Development of
and pre-
processing
Cluster Model Results

The data will be A model will be

Assessment of the
collected from The designed to analyze
proposed Model
World Bank the difference in
share of renewable
energy consumption
among the SAARC
The data will be countries by using Discussion about
checked for any Hierarchical the obtained results
error, outliers or Clustering and suggest policy
missing values technique. recommendations
 Machine
Learning

Supervised Un-Supervised Reinforcement

Hierarchical
Clustering

Agglomerative Divisive
Clustering Clustering

Euclidean
Distance
METHODOLOGY
 METHODOLOGY

 This is an example of the results, it’s not the original result and after
Implementation of the whole methodology, the final results would look like
this having dendrogram representation of the all the labeled countries in
different Clusters.
 THE PROGRESS SO
FAR

Learned Conducted Identified

Research
python Literature the
Objectives.
language. review. problem.
HYPOTHETICAL MODEL
 PROJ ECT TIMELINE

Research Activity V/S Learned python Development of Thesis

Analysis of results
Time Interval Language Clustering Model Writ up

January – April

May – July

August - September

October –December
 REFERENCES

1. Ding, Q., Khattak, S. I., & Ahmad, M. (2021). Towards sustainable production and
consumption: assessing the impact of energy productivity and eco-innovation on
consumption-based carbon dioxide emissions (CCO2) in G-7 nations. Sustainable
Production and Consumption, 27, 254-268.

2. Mittal, A. (2022). Assessment of SAARC nations' solar energy potential for sustainable
development. Energy & Environment, 0958305X221120935.

3. Shukla, Akash & Baredar, Prashant. (2017). Renewable energy resources in South Asian
countries: Challenges, policy and recommendations. Resource-Efficient Technologies. 342-
346. 10.18799/24056529/2017/3/140.

4. Bedetti, A. (2022). Il consumo di energia da fonti rinnovabili in Europa dal 2004 al 2019: uno
studio basato sulla cluster analysis.

5. Ofetotse, Eng & Essah, Emmanuel & Yao, Runming. (2021). Evaluating the Determinants of
Household Electricity Consumption Using Cluster Analysis. Journal of Building Engineering.
43. 102487. 10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102487.
 REFERENCES

6. Yikun, Z., Gul, A., Saleem, S., Shabbir, M. S., Bilal, K., & Abbasi, H. M. (2021). The r
elationship between renewable energy sources and sustainable economic growth:
evidence f rom SAARC countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28,
33390-33399.

7. Wang, Q., & Wang, L. (2020). Renewable energy consumption and economic growth
in OECD countries: A nonlinear panel data analysis. Energy, 207, 118200.

8. Hanif, I., Aziz, B., & Chaudhry, I. S. (2019). Carbon emissions across the spectrum of
renewable and nonrenewable energy use in developing economies of Asia.
Renewable Energy, 143, 586-595.

9. Anser, M.K., Usman, M., Sharif, M. et al. The dynamic impact of renewable energy
sources on environmental economic growth: evidence from selected Asian
economies. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 3323–3335 (2022).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17136-8
THANK YOU