Subject: ICT

Topic: Expert System

Standard: IX

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 Learning Objective
• Describe the process of setting up an expert
system

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 Expert System
Expert systems are used to provide expert opinions without the need for the
expert by using a system allowing the user to query the knowledge base to find
solutions to their problems.
User interface - Will allow user to knowledge base - Information is
interact with the system to developed by experts based on a
receive feedback. For example collection of facts and rules. For
the user may be prompted to Example a medical diagnosis
enter their symptoms for a expert system would be
medical issue. developed by doctors.

Inference Engine - The Inference engine will act as a search engine. It will query the
knowledge base to match the query of the user. Additional questions could be to user to
provide a more specific diagnosis

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 Creating an Expert System
• Data is gathered from experts to create a knowledge base.
• The rules base is designed based on the information from the
knowledge base.
• A user interface screen is designed which would provide the user
with the ability to interact with the system.
• The inference engine is designed as link between the user
interface and the knowledge base.
• The system is tested.
Example:
Car Diagnostic Expert System - Car engine
will connected to the diagnostic expert
system. The expert system will
automatically test certain functions and
provide feedback for repair.

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 Creating an Expert System
Advantages Disadvantages
• Provide consistent answers and • Lack common sense in some of
are affected by emotional the decision-making processes
reasoning • Error in knowledge base can lead
• Never forget to answer a question to incorrect decisions being made
when determining the logic • Expensive to set up
• Reduces time to solve a problem • Need considerable training to
• Indicate the probability of the ensure the system is used
given solution being accurate or correctly by the operators
correct
• Less expenses as there is less need
for specialists
• Allows areas of the world access
to expertise which they couldn’t
normally afford

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 Using an Expert System: Oil Prospecting
• An interactive user screen appears
• The system asks questions about geological profiles
• The operator types in the answers to question/geological profiles
• The system then asks questions based on the previous responses
input by the operator
• The inference engine compares answers to questions with the
facts stored in the knowledge base using the rules base.
• The system suggests the probability of finding oil as an output.
• It also indicates the probable depth of deposits
• The explanation system will also explain how the expert system
arrived at its conclusions
• It will then predict about geological deposits in the soil/rocks
• Finally, it will produce contour mas showing concentration of
minerals, rocks, oil.

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 Using Expert System to Diagnose Patients
Expert systems allow medical staff with limited medical
knowledge (e.g. nurses) to get advice from a computer 'expert‘.
Expert systems are essentially work by:
• Medical staff inputs patient's symptoms (or answers questions
about them)
• The expert system's search engine searches the knowledge
base (a collection of medical knowledge) to find possible
diagnoses
• The system outputs a list of possible diagnoses, and treatments

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