GPRS 基础知识

MOTO 设备知识

MOTO 操作知识
GPRS 网络结构
 接口
Gb 接口： SGSN 和 BSS 间接口
通过该接口 SGSN 完成移动性管理、无线资源管理、逻辑链路管理
及分组数据呼叫转发管理功能。

Gs 接口： MSC/VLR 和 SGSN 间接口

采用 7 号信令 MAP 方式。 SGSN 通过 GS 接口和 MSC 配合完成
对 MS 的移动性管理功能， SGSN 传送位置信息到 MSC ，接收从 M
SC 来的寻呼信息。

Gr 接口： SGSN 和 HLR 间接口

采用 7 号信令 MAP 方式。 SGSN 通过 Gr 接口从 HLR 取得关于
MS 的数据， HLR 保存 GPRS 用户数据和路由信息，当 HLR 中数据
有变动时，也将通过 SGSN ， SGSN 会进行相关的处理。
 接口
Gd ： SMS_GMSC 、 SMS_INMSC 和 SGSN 间接口。
通过该接口， SGSN 能接收短消息，并将它转发给 M
S 、 SGSN 和短消息业务中心－ GMSC ，通过 Gd 接口
配合完成在 GPRS 上的短消息业务。
Gn ： GRPS 支持节点间接口。
即 SGSN 间、 GGSN 间、 SGSN 和 GGSN 间接口，
该接口采用 TCP/IP 协议。
Gp ： GPRS 网间接口。
不同 GPRS 网间采用 Gp 接口互连联，由网关和防火墙
组成。
Gi ： GPRS 和分组网接口。
GPRS 通过 Gi 接口以 X.25 、 X.75 或 IP 协议和各种公众
分组网实现互联。
无线环境 核心网 协议族 网管系统 数据链路
PCU 路由协议 OMC-G
SGSN
Um GGSN NT Gb
Conf 隧道协议
频率计划 DHCP ISS OMC-R Gi
FR Gn
天线 OMC-G
PIX Com-Hub TCP/IP Gr
Unix
DNS Gs
NTP LLC/MAC
FRAME
GPRS 应用协议
封包结构
封包结构
Packet Control Unit (PCU)
TDMA 帧
GPRS 逻辑信道
Paging Co-ordination for GPRS
 The network may provide co-ordination of paging for circuit-switched and packet-switched services. Paging co-ordination means
that the network sends paging messages for circuit-switched services on the same channel as used for packet-switched services,
i.e., on the GPRS paging channel or on the GPRS traffic channel, and the MS needs only to monitor that channel. Three network
operation modes are defined:
 - Network operation mode I: the network sends a CS paging message for a GPRS-attached MS, either on the same
channel as the GPRS paging channel (i.e., the packet paging channel or the CCCH paging channel), or on a GPRS traffic channel.
This means that the MS needs only to monitor one paging channel, and that it receives CS paging messages on the packet data
channel when it has been assigned a packet data channel.
 - Network operation mode II: the network sends a CS paging message for a GPRS-attached MS on the CCCH
paging channel, and this channel is also used for GPRS paging. This means that the MS needs only to monitor the CCCH paging
channel, but that CS paging continues on this paging channel even if the MS has been assigned a packet data channel.
 - Network operation mode III: the network sends a CS paging message for a GPRS-attached MS on the CCCH
paging channel, and sends a GPRS paging message on either the packet paging channel (if allocated in the cell) or on the CCCH
paging channel. This means that an MS that wants to receive pages for both circuit-switched and packet-switched services shall
monitor both paging channels if the packet paging channel is allocated in the cell. No paging co-ordination is performed by the
network.
 Table 2: Network Operation Modes for GSM
 ModeCircuit Paging ChannelGPRS
ChannelGPRS Paging ChannelPaging co-ordinationPacket
co-ordinationPacket Paging ChannelPacket Paging
Channel
ChannelCCCH Paging ChannelCCCH Paging ChannelYesPacket Data ChannelNot Applicable CCCH Paging ChannelCCCH
ApplicableCCCH
Paging ChannelNo CCCH Paging ChannelPacket Paging ChannelNoCCCH Paging ChannelCCCH Paging Channel
ChannelNoCCCH
 When the Gs interface is present, all MSC-originated paging of GPRS-attached MSs shall go via the SGSN, thus allowing network
co-ordination of paging. Paging co-ordination shall be made by the SGSN based on the IMSI, and is provided independently of
whether the MS is in STANDBY or in READY state. The network operates in mode I.
 When the Gs interface is not present, all MSC-originated paging of GPRS-attached MSs shall go via the A interface, and co-
ordination of paging cannot be performed. The network shall then either:
 - operate in mode II, meaning that the packet common control channel shall not be allocated in the cell; or
 - operate in mode III, meaning that the packet common control channel shall be used for GPRS paging when the
packet paging channel is allocated in the cell.
 The network operation mode (mode I, II, or III) shall be indicated as system information to MSs. For proper operation, the mode of
operation should be the same in each cell of a routeing area.
 Based on the mode of operation provided by the network, the MS can then choose, according to its capabilities, whether it can
attach to GPRS services, to non-GPRS services, or to both.
定时提前量
GPRS 时隙配置
 GPRS 时隙配置
一般原则
 小区内配置适量的静态 PDCH 以保证 MS 正常

附着在 GPRS 网络上，同时保证一定的 GPRS

业务 QoS
 根据 GPRS 业务量预测配置适量的动态 PDCH ，

在运行过程中根据小区业务状况调整为 TCH 或
PDCH 使用
 电路交换业务可以抢占 GPRS 业务所使用的动

态信道
 上行资源分配方式

上行 PDCH 分配

静态分配方式 动态分配方式 扩展动态分配方式

（可选）
PDTCH 静态分配方式
PDTCH 动态分配方式
 编码方式
GPRS 业务采用四种编码方式
Rate Code Rate
CS-1 9.05kb/s 1/2
CS-2 13.4kb/s ~2/3
CS-3 15.6kb/s ~3/4
CS-4 21.4kb/s 1
GPRS 手机类型
 GPRS 手机类型
A类
 可同时进行分组交换业务和电路交换业务。
B类
 可同时附着在 GPRS 网络和 GSM 网络上，自动
选择业务，但不能同时进行电路交换和分组交换
业务。
C类
 不能同时附着在 GPRS 网络和 GSM 网络上，人
工选择业务。
 GMM 状态
MS SGSN
临时逻辑链路标志（ TLLI ）
TLLI 用于一个路由区内唯一地标识 MS 和 SGSN 间的一条逻辑链
路。

在 GPRS 系统中，存在四种不同的 TLLI ：

Local TLLI
TLLI 从 P-TMSI 演化而来，和本地 RA 有关
Foreign TLLI
TLLI 从 P-TMSI 和另外一个 RA 演化而来，当用户
发生路由区更新时就上报。
Random TLLI
新上网的 MS ，如果初次 ATTACH 需要自己提供
一个随机的 TLLI
Auxiliary TLLI
SGSN 选择，给匿名接入的 MS 提供标示。
Cell Reselection NC1 and NC2
Cell Reselection NC1 Feature Description:
 Provides additional cell reselection
procedures over NC0
MR  NC1: Autonomous cell reselection
Reports
MS autonomously sent to MS shall send measurements
reselects new cell BTS Reports to the network
 NC2: Network Control
Cell Reselection NC2
MR Reports MS sends measurement reports to
sent to BTS the network
MS should accept Cell Reselection
commands from the network
MR Cell Applications and Benefits:
reselection
command from
 Quality of service and capacity
BTS  NC2 provides GPRS Congestion Relief
Cell Reselection NC1 and NC2
Cell Reselection NC1 and NC2
Benefits:

 The main objective of the Network Controlled cell reselection

and congestion relief feature is to provide the network operator
with a tool for network planning and improved quality of service.

 The operator is able to specify GPRS cell reselection mode on a

per cell basis, within the network of cells with the same cell
reselection command, thus providing the flexibility of virtual
zones.
 Congestion relief
A Cell in congestion will be determined by the network via:

 Ratio of channel resources requests/channel resources

rejects (with cause congestion)

 If duration of busy PDCH and available PDCH are equal

Congestion relief - continued
C/I (uplink)

BLER (downlink)

RxQual (uplink & Downlink)

Signal Strength Neighbour > Signal Strength Serving

Cell + Threshold
 BA (GPRS) list
To allow the Network Control Order options to function correctl
y, each MS whether in packet idle mode or packet transfer mod
e, will be informed of which cell to monitor.

This is carried out by a modified BA (GPRS) list, which lists the

BCCH of neighbour cells that provide GPRS service.

The BA GPRS list provides optimised cell monitoring and

measurement reporting, enabling the MS to provide
measurement reports of those neighbour cells that are
configured for GPRS service.
 BA (GPRS) list
The advantage of this, is that the GPRS MS need only send
GPRS measurement reports for those cells that are configured
for GPRS service.

To allow for this the add_neighbor command has been

modified to show that the allocated frequency is part of a BA
(GPRS) list.
BA (GPRS) list
BA (GPRS) list
The parameter specifies the time interval that the BSS allows for the
MS to read the paging channel (CCCH) for a Packet Cell Change Order
(PCCO) control message.

The NC_REPORTING_PERIOD_I parameter specifies the time interval

between successive measurement reports from a GPRS MS in idle
mode.

The NC_REPORTING_PERIOD_T parameter specifies the time interval

between successive measurement reports from a GPRS MS while
transferring packet data.
 Measurement Report

The measurement report shall contain:

 - RXLEV for the serving cell;

 - in packet idle mode, the average

interference level

 received signal level for the non-serving cells.

 GPRS 基础知识

MOTO 设备知识
MOTO 操作知识
 PCU 概览
PDN Internet
PSTN 公用数据网 因特网
GGSN
公用电话网
Gi

HLR/AUC
归属位置寄存器 GGSN
MSC/VLR 用户鉴权中心 GPRS 网关支持节点

移动交换中心 Gr
访问位置寄存器 Gn

Gb SGSN
BSC PCU GPRS 服务支持节点
基站控制器 分组控制单元

BTS BSS
基站系统 Um GPRS Mobile
基站
GPRS 网元
PCU 硬件结构
 PCU 板件
PSP (PCU System Processor) 板
硬件称为 MPROC (Master processor) 板
目前每 PCU 有 1 PSP ，位于第七槽

PPB (PCI to PCI Bridge) 板

提供桥路供 PCU 的两部分相互通讯 ( 保证 PCU 的
16 个槽位可用 )
 DPROC 板 和 NIB 板
2B
PMC
PMCBoard
Board PMC Board 2A E1 port on
Socket 2 1B Transition Module

1A

PMC Board PMC Board

Socket 1 CON2 for soctet 2
PMC
Console port
CON1 for soctet 1

PRP PICP
通常位于第 1 ， 2 槽 通常位于 3-6 ， 11-16
槽
 PICP 板
GSL (GPRS Signaling Link)
64kbps LAPD 信令
每 GDS 最大支持 30 个 GSL
每 PCU 最大支持 2 个 LAPD GDS ， 60 个 GSL

GBL (Gb interface Link)

位于 PCU 和 SGSN 间的 E1 线路上，占用指定时
隙
1 GBL 使用 1 个 MMS, 但是每条 GBL 占用的时
隙数可配置
每 PCU 支持 12 GBL
 PRP 板

PRP
在 PCU 和 BSC 间传递 TRAU 帧
通过制定 BSC 和 PCU 的 MMS 端口定义两者间
的连接
每 PCU 最大支持 36 TRAU GDS 和 2 个 LAPD
GDS
每块 PRP 板承载 120PDCH
 GBL 和 GDS
SGSN

Gb 位于 PCU 和 SGSN 间的 E1 线路上，占用指定时隙

GBL

PCU

GSL GDS 位于 PCU 和 BSS 间的 E1 线路上 .

GDS 传递 PCU 和 BSC 间的业务
BSC
GSLs 传递 PCU 和 BSC 间的信令链路
 PCU 板与槽位
位于 7 槽的 Mproc 为必需

MPROC

MPROC
DPROC
DPROC
DPROC

DPROC
DPROC
DPROC
DPROC
DPROC
DPROC
DPROC

DPROC
DPROC
PPB

PPB
PICP PSP PRP

DPROC MPROC
DPROC
PPB
Bridge
Module
GBL
PMC E1 i/f
or
GSL PMC E1 i/f PMC(not used) PMC
 PCU 连接
PCU

PMC PRP1

PMC PRP2
BSC GDS SGSN

PMC PRP9 GBL

GSL
PMC PICP1 Redundant GBL

PMC
Redundant GSL
PMC PICP2
PMC
 PDCH 类型
采用保留时隙（静态 PDCH Reserved PDCH ）
 保证小区中的 GPRS MS 时常在线
 保证 GPRS 业务一定的 QoS

采用可转换时隙 ( 动态 PDCH Switchable PDCH)

 GPRS 与 GSM 共享无线资源
 一方面要考虑无线资源的最优利用，另一方面，要优先
保证话音业务的 QoS
 一个小区中的分组交换业务与电路交换业务的比例时常
在变化
GPRS 基础知识

MOTO 设备知识

MOTO 操作知识
 日常操作
提供以下途径方便 PDTCH 的配置 , 途径如下 :
• disp_equipment 指令可显示 PCU 上 PDTCH 资源的静态配置

• disp_equipment 指令可显示最大可配置的 PDTCH 数目

• disp_equipment 指令可显示 PRP 板上当前映射的小区

• 可显示 PDTCH 对 PRP 和 GDS 需求的统计项

• 增加 PDTCH 时如果 GDS 或 PMC 资源被超出 , 就会收到告警提示

有改变的指令
disp_eq 0 pcu 0
disp_eq pcu dproc x x full
disp_bss
unequip,equip,modify_value,
chg_element,chg_cell_element
 日常操作
disp_cell_status 可显示小区状态
[12/07/07 21:17:35] MMI-RAM 0119 -> disp_cell_s 46

Start of report for LOCATION 46:

GSM CELL ID

MCC 460 460 460

MNC 00 00 00
LAC 141 (3549h) 141 (3549h) 141 (3549h)
CI 121 (3341h) 122 (3342h) 123 (3343h)
RAC 17 (0011h) 17 (0011h) 17 (0011h)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Frequency Type PGSM PGSM PGSM
BCCH Frequency 13 20 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Status Unbarred Unbarred Unbarred
GPRS Status Unbarred Unbarred Unbarred
EGPRS Status EGPRS Avail EGPRS Avail EGPRS Avail
PDCH Status PD Available PD Available PD Available
RES PDCH Requested 3 3 3
SW PDCH Requested 2 2 2
( 省略 )
 日常操作
disp_rtf_ch 检查 RTF 上信道配置及状态
MMI-RAM 0119 -> disp_rtf_chan 46 0 2
Start of report for RTF 0 2 at location 46:
Packet Radio Capabilities: 64K
RTF Currently capable of supporting EGPRS: YES
TIMESLOT GPRS TYPE SUB-CHAN STATE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 (TCH/F) N/A 0 ACTIVE
1 (TCH/F) N/A 0 IDLE
2 (TCH/F) N/A 0 ACTIVE
3 (64K PDTCH) SWITCHABLE 0 IDLE
4 (64K PDTCH) SWITCHABLE 0 IDLE
5 (64K PDTCH) RESERVED 0 IDLE
6 (64K PDTCH) RESERVED 0 IDLE
7 (64K PDTCH) RESERVED 0 IDLE

DS0 CONFIG STATUS

---------------------------------
0 GSM ACTIVE
1 GPRS ACTIVE
2 GPRS ACTIVE

End of Report.