Geography

By: Aidan
Physical Patterns in a
Changing World
 What are landforms?

Landforms are the natural features that make

up earths surface. Even if we don’t notice
them they are important.
 Difference from region and place:
A place is different from all the other places,
but regions are areas defined by physical or
human characteristics.

s a an area o
e fi n e d a r division
A p l a ce i s d n o r s p a c e or especially ,
l a r l o c a t i o part of a
particu y o c c u p i e d country
re a n o r m a l l
t he a n e x a m p l e
o m e t h i n g . A
by s h a t t a n
M a n
of a place is
 Describing landforms

Picture A: Is a grass plain Topographic maps use contour

Picture B: Is an inactive volcano mountain lines to show elevation.
Picture C: Is a mountain valley Topographic maps use
Picture D: Is a tall mountain called a fold mountain symbols and colours to
Picture E: Is a rocky water area called a shield represent characters of the
Picture F: Is a pretty long plateau area, such as roads and
forests. Some maps use colour
to show elevation

A landform is a feature on Some types of landforms are:

the Earth's surface that is Shields, Valleys, Plains, Hills,
part of the terrain. Rivers, Deserts, Islands, and
Plateaus
How are landforms
Created and Changed?
 How is convection flow connected to
the movements of plates?

Plates moving constantly is caused by convection flows underneath them.

Convection flow is the circular motion that occurs when wormer material rises
and is replaced by cooler material. The plates float on the asthenosphere,
which is a layer of semi-molten rock under the lithosphere. As it heats, it
becomes less dense and lighter. It flows upward and then replaced by cooler
semi-molten materials. Convection flow is connected to movement of plates
from siting on top of the flows of material are pushed along as if they were on a
conveyer belt. The major plates carry both the cotenants and the ocean floor
How do plates move? Why do
volcanoes and earthquakes occur at
the edges of plates? What are some
factors that affect erosion?
 How do plates move?
Plates move from ridged pieces or
plates that are pushed by forces
inside of the planet. The surface
crust, also called the lithosphere is
made up of seven large plates and
some smaller plates
Why do volcanoes and earthquakes occur at the edges of
plates?
Most earthquakes and volcanoes happen because of
the movement of the plates, especially
when plates interact at their edges or boundaries.
Earthquakes happen when the plates pull away from
each other.
What are some factors that affect erosion?
Erosion creates
landforms
Erosion moves materials from one place on
earths surface to another. It takes places
through the action of water, ice, wind, and
living organisms. Erosion is the geological
process in which earthen materials are worn
away and transported by natural forces such
as wind or water.
How do we respond to
Challenges Caused by Earth’s
Forces?
The forces that create
landforms can also pose great
dangers to people which 2 of
them are volcanoes and
earthquakes
Which means places with a
lot of population need
warnings and need to be
ready for an earthquake
and expect one at anytime
There is what is called an
earthquake zone which has
quit a bit of very populated
cities
There are of coarse different kinds of
earthquakes like different sizes and
how fast they move. The smaller ones
people can barely even feel. Like 0-2.5.
How have people living in
areas that experience
earthquakes and volcanoes
responded to these
challenges?
If there is a volcanic eruption people should leave the
area immediately and if there is an earthquake
people need to stay indoors in a secure place. So not
like under something not attached. So a kitchen
would be like one of the worst places to go. A good
place to go is behind a large piece of furniture or
against a wall. People have also improved structures
so they are more earthquake prof and is less likely to
fall or crumble/collapse.
What are some tools that
we can use to better
protect ourselves from
the effects of
earthquakes and
volcanoes?
Seismographs are helping scientists predict
earthquakes and volcanoes. There are about 4000
seismographs in the world constantly recording the
time and size of each earthquake

engineers have created a new material to bend

instead of break and are still working on ways to be
the most resistant to shaking from earthquakes.