SUMBER HUKUM

ORGANISASI INTERNASIONAL
 A. SUMBER FORMAL: ARTICLE 38 (1) STATUTA
MAHKAMAH INTERNASIONAL
1.INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, WHETHER GENERAL OR
PARTICULAR, ESTABLISHING RULES EXPRESSLY RECOGNIZED
BY THE CONTESTING STATES
2.INTERNATIONAL CUSTOM, AS EVIDENCE OF A GENERAL
PRACTICE ACCEPTED AS LAW
3.THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW RECOGNIZED BY CIVILIZED
NATIONS
4.SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE 59, JUDICIAL
DECISIONS AND THE TEACHINGS OF THE MOST HIGHLY
QUALIFIED PUBLICISTS OF THE VARIOUS NATIONS, AS
 B. PERJANJIAN INTERNASIONAL
• MENURUT MOCHTAR KUSUMAATMADJA, PERJANJIAN
INTERNASIONAL ADALAH PERJANJIAN YANG DIADAKAN
ANTARBANGSA YANG BERTUJUAN UNTUK
MENCIPTAKAN AKIBAT DARI HUKUM-HUKUM
TERTENTU.
• MENURUT OPPENHEIMER-LEUTERPACHT,
PERJANJIAN INTERNASIONAL ADALAH SUATU
PERSETUJUAN ANTARNEGARA YANG
MENIMBULKAN HAK DAN KEWAJIBAN DI ANTARA
PIHAK-PIHAK YANG MENGADAKANNYA.
• CONTOH PERJANJIAN INTERNASIOAL: KONVENSI WINA 1969
• ARTICLE 2(1) A: “TREATY” MEANS AN INTERNATIONAL
AGREEMENT CONCLUDED BETWEEN STATES IN WRITTEN FORM
AND GOVERNED BY INTERNATIONAL LAW, WHETHER EMBODIED IN
A SINGLE INSTRUMENT OR IN TWO OR MORE RELATED
INSTRUMENTS AND WHATEVER ITS PARTICULAR DESIGNATION
• KONVENSI WINA (VIENNA CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF TREATIES
BETWEEN STATES AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OR BETWEEN
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS) 1986
• ARTICLE 2(1)A “TREATY” MEANS AN INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT
GOVERNED BY INTERNATIONAL LAW AND CONCLUDED IN WRITTEN FORM:
i. BETWEEN ONE OR MORE STATES AND ONE OR MORE INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS; OR
ii. BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS,
WHETHER THAT AGREEMENT IS EMBODIED IN A SINGLE INSTRUMENT OR IN
TWO OR MORE RELATED INSTRUMENTS AND WHATEVER ITS PARTICULAR
DESIGNATION
• UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 24 TAHUN 2000 TENTANG
PERJANJIAN INTERNASIONAL
• PASAL 1: PERJANJIAN INTERNASIONAL ADALAH ADALAH
PERJANJIAN, DALAM BENTUK DAN NAMA TERTENTU,
YANG DIATUR DALAM HUKUM INTERNASIONAL YANG
DIBUAT SECARA TERTULIS SERTA MENIMBULKAN HAK
DAN KEWAJIBAN DI BIDANG HUKUM PUBLIK.
 C. HUKUM KEBIASAAN INTERNASIONAL
• KEBIASAAN YANG SUDAH LAMA DILAKUKAN,
YANG DAPAT MEMBENTUK SUMBER HUKUM
ORGANISASI INTERNASIONAL.
• CONTOH: NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY
ORGANIZATION (NATO) ENTITIES ENJOY
IMMUNITY FROM JURISDICTION ON THE
BASIS OF CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW.
• CONTOH LAIN: UNITED NATIONS (UN)
PEACEKEEPING FORCES ARE FULLY BOUND BY
CUSTOMARY HUMAN RIGHTS AND
HUMANITARIAN LAW
 D. INSTRUMEN DASAR OI LAINNYA
• MENURUT SUMARYO SURYOKUSUMO, INSTRUMEN DASAR OI LAINNYA ADALAH:
PIAGAM (CHARTER), CONSTITUTION, DECLARATION, COVENANT, FINAL ACT, PACT,
TREATY, STATUTE DAN LAIN-LAIN.

• CONTOH CHARTER : UN CHARTER

• ARTICLE (3):THE ORIGINAL MEMBERS OF THE UNITED NATIONS
SHALL BE THE STATES WHICH, HAVING PARTICIPATED IN THE UNITED
NATIONS CONFERENCE ON INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION AT SAN
FRANCISCO, OR HAVING PREVIOUSLY SIGNED THE DECLARATION BY
UNITED NATIONS OF 1 JANUARY 1942, SIGN THE PRESENT CHARTER
AND RATIFY IT IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 110.
• CONTOH KONSTITUSI: CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH
ORGANIZATION
• PASAL 3 DAN 6 KONSTITUSI WHO (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION)
MENGATUR PROSES KEANGGOTAAN SECARA LEBIH SEDERHANA, YANG
HANYA MENYEBUTKAN TERBUKA UNTUK SEMUA NEGARA MELALUI
KEPUTUSAN SIMPLE MAJORITY
• ARTICLE 3: MEMBERSHIP IN THE ORGANIZATION SHALL BE OPEN TO ALL
STATES.
• ARTICLE 6: SUBJECT TO THE CONDITIONS OF ANY AGREEMENT BETWEEN
THE UNITED NATIONS AND THE ORGANIZATION, APPROVED PURSUANT TO
CHAPTER XVI, STATES WHICH DO NOT BECOME MEMBERS IN
ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLES 4 AND 5 MAY APPLY TO BECOME MEMBERS
AND SHALL BE ADMITTED AS MEMBERS WHEN THEIR APPLICATION HAS
BEEN APPROVED BY A SIMPLE MAJORITY VOTE OF THE HEALTH
ASSEMBLY.
• CONTOH KONTITUSI: CONSTITUTION OF THE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
ORGANIZATION ARTICLE (2) MENYEBUTKAN BAHWA SELAIN ORIGINAL
MEMBER, NEGARA LAIN DAPAT MENJADI ANGGOTA FAO BILA DISETUJUI
OLEH MAYORITAS 2/3 SUARA ANGGOTA DAN APABILA NEGARA TERSEBUT
SECARA RESMI MENYATAKAN KESEDIAAN MENERIMA KEWAJIBAN-
KEWAJIBAN YANG DIATUR DALAM KONSTITUSI FAO
• ARTICLE (2): ADDITIONAL MEMBERS MAY BE ADMITTED TO THE
ORGANIZATION BY A VOTE CONCURRED IN BY A TWO-THIRDS MAJORITY
OF ALL THE MEMBERS OF THE CONFERENCE AND UPON ACCEPTANCE OF
THIS CONSTITUTION AS IN FORCE AT THE TIME OF ADMISSION.
• CONTOH DEKLARASI: THE BANGKOK
DECLARATION OF 1967 DECLARES THE
ESTABLISHMENT OF AN ASSOCIATION FOR
REGIONAL COOPERATION AMONG THE
COUNTRIES OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA TO BE KNOWN
AS THE ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH-EAST ASIAN
NATIONS (ASEAN).
• CONTOH COVENANT: THE COVENANT OF
THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS IN 1920
• CONTOH FINAL ACT: FINAL ACT
EMBODYING THE RESULTS OF THE
URUGUAY ROUND OF MULTILATERAL
TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
• CONTOH PAKTA: PAKTA WARSAWA (THE
WARSAW PACT). DIDIRIKAN 14 MEI 1955
DAN BERAKHIR 1 JULI 1991 ADALAH
ALIANSI MILITER NEGARA-NEGARA
BLOK TIMUR DI EROPA TIMUR UNTUK
MENANDINGI NATO.
• CONTOH TREATY: THE NORTH ATLANTIC
TREATY YANG MEMBENTUK NATO (THE
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION)
• CONTOH STATUTA: STATUTE OF THE
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (STATUTA
MAHKAMAH INTERNASIONAL)
• ARTICLE 3: THE COURT SHALL CONSIST OF
FIFTEEN MEMBERS, NO TWO OF WHOM MAY BE
NATIONALS OF THE SAME STATE.