Blood Groups

Or
Blood Types

Practical Animal Physiology

Science Department
4th Year – 1st Semester
AIM: TO DETERMINE THE MAJOR BLOOD GROUPS (A.B.O.
SYSTEM) AND RH TYPE OF THE INDIVIDUAL.

Principle: The method depends on the agglutination reaction in

which RBCs are agglutinated or clumped together because of the
reaction between the agglutinogens (Antigens) present on the surface
of RBCs with the agglutinins (Antibodies) present in the serum
Types of Blood Group:

1- Major system (ABO) system: depend on presents

of antigen A&B.
2- Rh system: depend on presents of antigen D, C, E,
d, c, e but the most important antigen is D.
3- Minor system: Which depend on presents of
antigen like Kell, Duffy, Kidd, M ,G, …….
Procedure:
1- Clean and dry slides then divide it with grease pencil into 3 parts.
2- Put a drop of the blood on each side of the slide then add a drop of
anti A serum on side A, one drop of anti B on side B and one drop of
anti D on side D.
3- Mix the blood and the serum by wood sticks and wait.
4- Find out the blood groups first by naked eye and conform it using
the microscope.
5- Read the result of the major blood groups.
 Anti- A Anti- B Anti- D

A+

A-

B+

B-

6
O+

O-

AB+

AB-

7
 COMPLICATION OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION

1- Hemolytic reaction immediate or delayed .

2- Allergic reaction .
3- Reaction due to infected blood .
4- Disease transmission e.g. : Hepatitis , AIDS ,
Malaria .