1896 REVOLUTION AND

ARREST

GROUP 4
Philippine Revolution (1896-1898)

_
•The unjust treatment of the Spanish Colonial rule that lasted more that 300 years,
made the Filipinos struggle to attain independence and revolt towards the Spanish
Government by exposing the weaknesses of Spanish Administration. However, the
revolution did not succeed to evict the Spanish colonials from the country.

•The opening of Suez Canal in 19th Century gave opportunity to the Filipinos to study
abroad and achieve enlightenment about the unfair governance of the Spaniards.
These educated Filipinos in middle class stepped forward and desire for Philippine
Independence, opposing Spanish monopoly of power and the Roman Catholic
Church.
Philippine Revolution (1896-1898)
•BURGOMZA (Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, and Jacinto Zamora) were the three
priests that were executed without questioning, after the suspicion of conspiring with
the rebels at Cavite which became the spark that lit up the wave of the anti-Spanish
revolution.
•Filipino reformists started the literacy campaign known as Propaganda Movement in
leadership of Dr. Jose Rizal. Rizal's novels "Noli me Tangere" (1887) and "El
Filibusterismo" (1891), exposed the corruption of Spanish Friars and officials in the
Philippines and stimulated the movement for independence. Propaganda Movement
made a crucial impact in spreading awareness by publishing articles in La
Solidaridad.
Philippine Revolution (1896-1898)
•Spain was still unwilling to reform its colonial government which drove Andres Bonifacio
to organized a secret revolutionary society that compose of 100,000 to 400,000 estimated
members by August 1896 that called Katipunan, or Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galang na
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan.

•When the Spaniards discovered the existence of Katipunan, they were caught in
exchanged of firearms with Bonifacio and arrested Rizal, who advocated reform but never
condoned the revolution. Rizal was executed publicly on December 30, 1896, which
enraged and united the people to the point that Spain no longer hold the power over the
Filipinos.
Philippine Revolution (1896-1898)

•Emilio Aguinaldo lead the revolution after he shot Bonifacio for the accusation of
insurrection against lawful authority. Due to incapability to defeat the Spanish troops
militarily, Aguinaldo's revolutionary army retreated to the mountains Southeast of
Manila.

•The Pact of Biak-na-Bato was proclaimed on December 15, 1897, to temporarily

cease the war and end the Philippine Revolution on the condition that Aguinaldo and
other revolutionary leaders were to exiled in Hong Kong and compensated 400,000
pesos, with some promises of reforms in substantial government. This pact was not
executed as both parties reneged the promises.
Philippine Revolution (1896-1898)

•The Philippine Revolution on 1896 failed not because the

Philippines did not succeed to gain independence from Spain
but because United Stated colonized them after the Spanish-
American War.
The Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite
The"Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite" were a group of Filipino patriots who were
arrested, tried, and eventually executed by Spanish authorities during the late 19th
century. They earned this title due to their courageous stand for Philippine
independence.
1. Máximo Inocencio.
7. Feliciano Cabuco
2. Máximo Gregorio. 8. Hugo Perez
3. Severino Lapidario. 9. José Lallana
10. Eugenio Cabezas
4. Luis Aguado
11. Francisco Osorio
5. Alfonso de Ocampo 12. Agapito Conchu,
6. Victoriano Luciano 13. Antonio de San Agustín
Julian Felipe was among the original who were arrested along with the 13 Martyrs. But
after the trial, Julian Felipe was released. After the 13 Martyrs were executed on
September 12, 1896, General Emilio Aguinaldo commissioned Felipe to create a march
for the revolutionists on June 5, 1898. The music was first heard publicly on June 12,
1898, as Aguinaldo proclaimed Philippine Independence in his home in Kawit.

These patriots were arrested and tried by Spanish authorities because of their active
participation in the Philippine Revolution. They were accused of rebellion and sedition
against Spanish colonial rule. Their unwavering commitment to the cause of Philippine
independence and their role in organizing and leading revolutionary activities made
them targets of Spanish suppression.
It's worth noting that Jose Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines, was
accused of being party to the revolution as well. He was arrested, tried, and
eventually executed by firing squad on December 30, 1896, in Bagumbayan
in Manila. His writings and peaceful advocacy for reforms had inspired
many in the Philippines, and his death further fueled the desire for
independence and the continuation of the revolution.
Mabini's Arrests

First Arrest (1896, October 10):

- This arrest took place following the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, an agreement that
temporarily halted hostilities between Filipino Revolutionaries and the Spanish
colonial Government.

- Mabini was detained by the Spanish Authorities.

- Mabini was accused of involvement in the revolution due to his association with
revolutionary leaders and the Katipunan.
Mabini's Arrests

- He was imprisoned in San Juan de Dios Hospital without medical

treatment. During his detention, Mabini wrote petitions and challenged the
government about his rights.
- Mabini gained his freedom in July 1897 after Governor-General Fernando
Primo de Rivera granted his appeal, believing that Mabini was no longer a
threat to Spain due to his health condition.
Second Arrest (1899, December 10):
- Mabini was captured in Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, shortly after resigning from his
positions as Prime Minister and Foreign Affairs Secretary. He was imprisoned in
Intramuros following a series of detentions in different locations.

- Amidst the outbreak of the Philippine-American War, American forces attempted to

gain Mabini's allegiance by offering him riches and other incentives, which he firmly
refused.

- He was eventually freed on September 23, 1899, with the condition that he would not
live in Manila unless permitted by the United States Government and that he would stop
writing articles against the Americans.
Third Arrest (1901, January):
- Mabini wrote an article entitled "El Simil de Alejandro" or "The Resemblance of
Alejandro," which became the primary reason for his third detainment.

- This controversial article aimed to inform the people about the rights they were
fighting for and the individuals who had taken those rights away from them.

- On January 16, 1901, Mabini was exiled to Guam along with 56 other people for
refusing to swear allegiance to the United States, as per the persuasion of General
Arthur McArthur.
Contribution to the Philippine Revolution:
- Apolinario Mabini served as a theoretician and spokesperson of the Philippine
Revolution and authored the constitution.

- Due to his medical condition and imprisonment, he could not participate in the
beginning of the Philippine Revolution in 1896. However, his experiences and the
execution of Jose Rizal became the primary factors that drove Mabini to become more
active in addressing the problems of the revolution and striving harder for
independence.
Contribution to the Philippine Revolution:
- Mabini wrote a manifesto on the Spanish-American War containing a warning to the
leaders of the Philippine Revolution that Spain would likely surrender the Philippines
to the United States if they lost the war. He urged them to persist in the fight for their
country's freedom. This paper caught the attention of General Emilio Aguinaldo, who
was still in exile in Hong Kong after the execution of Andres Bonifacio.

- He joined the forces of the patriot General Emilio Aguinaldo and soon became his
right-hand man and adviser, admired for his undeniable brilliance and intellect despite
his illness.
Contribution to the Philippine Revolution:

- During the Spanish-American War in 1898, Mabini urged cooperation with the
United States as a means to gain freedom from Spain, which was eventually achieved.

- However, the United States colonized the Philippines not long after Aguinaldo was
proclaimed as an independent republic president, despite Mabini drafting its
constitution. This led to the renewal of the struggle for independence and the
beginning of another war.
LA REVOLUCION FILIPINA
- A book written by Apolinario Mabini which contained the compilation of his writings
- First printed in 1925 and reprinted by the National Library in a two-volume
completion of Mabini's college essays edited by Teodaro M. Kalaw in 1941.
- The first volume was the political writings of Mabini in the years of 1898 to 1899.
- Mabini wrote the book in 1901-1903 as both an account and critique of the movement
that established the first Philippine Republic, as well as of the first years of the
Philippines as a self-governing nation. In summary, it was a comprehensive analysis of
the Filipino Revolution, against Spain, the war with the Americans, and the Philippine
defeat.
CUERPO DE COMPROMISARIOS

-One of the two groups that was formed after the disbandment of La Liga Filipina
during the late Spanish Colonial Period in the Philippines, played a significant role in
the nationalist movement and the fight for Philippine Freedom.

- this organization's primary objective was to raise funds and support the Propanganda
movement, which aimed to advocate for reforms and raise awareness about the
injustices of Spanish colonial rule. The funds they collected were voluntary
contributions or "compromises" from its members.
CUERPO DE COMPROMISARIOS

- In its early stages, it represented a peaceful and intellectual

approach to advocating for change and reforms in the Philippines.
However, it also played a role in laying the groundwork for the more
militant phases of the Philippine nationalist movement and the
eventual struggle for independence from Spanish rule.
 Inclusions:
● In August 1896, an insurrection organized by nationalists, he joined the forces of the patriot
general Emilio Aguinaldo and soon became his right-hand man.
● In 1898, when the Spanish–American War broke out, Mabini urged cooperation with the
United States as a means to gain freedom from Spain.
● In 1901 to 1903, Mabini wrote one of his notable works is his memoir titled: “La
Revolucion Filipina” while he was in exile in Guam to expressed his love for the country
through his passion for literature.
● In 1931, Mabini’s La revolución filipina was published. Mabini's "La Revolucion Filipina"
was first printed in 1925 and reprinted by the National Library in a two-volume compilation
of Mabini's collected essays edited by Teodoro M. Kalaw in 1941. The volume 1 has 282
pages and translated in English.
MEMBERS:
ANTIPORDA, ELLIAH A.

CATIMBANG, ANGEL ELLAINE C.

MOYA, JHON CARLO O.

NASIS, CYRELL JANE M.

VIOLANGCO, FRANKLIN
REFERENCES:

● The Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite. Philippine Center for Masonic Studies. (n.d.). https://www.philippinemasonry.org/the-thirteen-martyrs-of-
cavite.html
● Kalaw, T. M. (2023, August 2). La revolución filipina: The political writings of Apolinario Mabini Vol. 1 (1898-1899). Grupo Kalinangan.
https://grupokalinangan.org/product/la-revolucion-filipina-the-political-writings-of-apolinario-mabini-vol-1-1898-1899/
● Apolinario Mabini Philippine Center for Masonic Studies. (n.d.-a). https://www.philippinemasonry.org/apolinario-mabini1.html#:~:text=Mabini’s
%20close%20friendship%20with%20Adriano,Movement%20in%20Spain%2C%20nor%20the
● Szczepanski, K. (2019, July 9). Biography of Apolinario Mabini, Philippines’ first prime minister. ThoughtCo.
https://www.thoughtco.com/apolinario-mabini-195645#toc-legal-work-and-illness
● Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (n.d.). Apolinario Mabini. Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Apolinario-Mabini
● The Philippine Revolution by Apolinario Mabini.pdf - The Philippine Revolution “La Revolucion filipina” by Apolinario Mabini Mabini wrote the
Philippine: Course hero. The Philippine Revolution by Apolinario Mabini.pdf - The Philippine Revolution “La Revolucion Filipina” by Apolinario
Mabini Mabini wrote The Philippine | Course Hero. (n.d.). https://www.coursehero.com/file/99988993/The-Philippine-Revolution-by-Apolinario-
Mabinipdf/