THE MUGHAL

PERIOD
(C.1526-1757)
 REASONS FOR THE DECLINE OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE
 THE DECLINE OF THE MUGHAL IN BENGAL AND THE GROTH OF NAWABS
 REASONS FOR THE DECLINE OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE

The main events of this topic:

 1620 British get permission from Emperor Jahangir to conduct trade

 1678 Mughal Aurangzeb annexes Marwar and angers Rajputs
 1679 Jizia reimposed
 1686 Annexation of Golcunda and 1687 Bijapur angers Marathas
 1688 British blockade Bombay and Mughal ports
 1690 British sign treaty
 1700 Founding of Fort William by British.
 1707 Death of Aurangzeb: war of succession
 1739 Persian Nader Shah plunders Delhi
Reasons for the decline of the Mughal Empire:

1. Struggle for succession

2. Religious policy
3. Aurangzeb's Deccan policy
4. Aurangzeb's Rajput policy
5. Maratha revival
6. Administrative weaknesses
7. The demoralised Mughal army
8. The Persian’s invasions of Ahmed shah Abdali
REASONS FOR THE DECLINE OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE:(BRITISH ARRIVAL)

 The decline of the Mughal Empire and the arrival of the

British had profound and lasting impacts on India:

1. British East India Company

2. Economic Interests
3. Political Dominance
4. Cultural and Social Impact
5. Indian Response and Rebellion
 THE DECLINE OF THE MUGHAL IN BENGAL AND
THE
Main GROTH OF NAWABS
events:

• 1695 Afghan Rahim Khan challenges Mughal rule in Bengal

• 1713 Nawabs of Bengal era started by Murshid Quli Khan's
hereditary position
• 1725 Nawab Suja-ud-din
• 1739 Nawab Sarafraz Khan
• 1740 Nawab Alivardi Khan
• 1756 Nawab Siraj-ud-doula
• 1757 Battle of Palashi: Siraj defeated by the British
• 1757 Nawab Mir-Jafar
THE NAWABS OF BENGAL

Murshid Quli Khan(1706-1725):

• Born in Khorasan, Persia (modern-day Iran) around 1660

• Administrator within the Mughal Empire
• In 1701 he was appointed as the Diwan, or revenue minister, of
Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa by Emperor Aurangzeb
• He effectively became the de facto ruler of Bengal rather than
just a revenue minister
• He took on the title of "Nawab" and began to exercise a degree
of autonomy from the central Mughal authority
THE NAWABS OF BENGAL
Suja-ud-din(1725-1739)

• After the death of his father-in-law(Murshid quli khan) on 30

June 1727, he ascended to the Masnad (throne) of the Nawab
Suja-ud-
• Charitable and Impertial ruler din

Alivardi Khan(1740-1756)

• He toppled the Nasiri dynasty of Nawabs by defeating Sarfaraz

Khan in 1740 and assumed power himself
• He was a patron of the arts and resumed the policies of Murshid
Quli Khan Alivardi Khan
• He maintained a politically neutral stance with the European
• He was succeeded by Siraj ud-Daulah in 1756
Siraj ud-Daulah(1756-1757)
• Siraj ascended to the masnad after the death of Alivardi Khan
• He was the last independent Nawab of Bengal, reigning from
1756 to 1757
• He faced the two-pronged trouble of the ambitions of the
increasingly powerful British and his disgruntled relatives and
bureaucrats
• Betrayed by Mir Jafar, the commander of Nawab's army, Siraj
lost the Battle of Plassey on 23 June 1757 Siraj ud-Daulah
• With that the administration of Bengal fell into the hands of the
East India company
• Siraj was executed on 2 July 1757
Mir Jafar(1757-1760)

• First dependent Nawab of Bengal of the British East India

Company
• Ascended to the masnad after the British victory in 1757
• In October 1760, the company forced him to abdicate in
favor of Qasim(His son-in-law)
• Jafar was restored as the Nawab in 1763 with the support of
the company
• Jafar ruled until his death on 5 February 1765
• Due to his role in helping the British Jafar is reviled in the
Indian subcontinent as a traitor
THANK
YOU