AGRI ALLIED ACTIVITIES

By
C. Kasirajan
Advisor Faculty
 Allied activities
• Dairy: Milch animals, calf rearing
• Poultry: Layers/ Broilers
• Piggery
• Sheep/ Goat rearing
• Rabbit/ Duck rearing
• Sericulture up to cocoon stage
• Apiculture
• Fisheries inland and Marine
Dairy Farm
Dairy Farm
Dairy Farm
Mechanised Dairy Farm
 DAIRY DEVELOPMENT
• Supplement and compliment to Agriculture
• Employment in off season
Purpose of loan
• Purchase of cows or she buffaloes
• Construction of cattle shed, feed room, water
facilities
• Fodder cultivation Eg.Guinea, napier, lucern, sunhemp, lemon
grass,
• Purchase of dairy/milk testing equipments
• Rearing of cross bred female calf 4 – 30 months
• Milk Processing / Products, Milk chilling centre (MSE)
Fodder Grass
Fodder Grass
 Technical details of Dairy
• Cow indigenous: Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, Gir, Haryana, Tharparkar,
Ongole; Exotic: Jersey, Holstein Friesian, Ayreshire, Brown swiss
• Buffaloes: Murrah, surti, Nili Juffrabadi etc.
• Gestation (pregnancy) cow: 280 days she buffalo: 310 days
• Milked 280 to 300 days (lactation) and let to dry for 3 to 4 m
• Milk yield 12 to 14 litres per day (depends on price)
• Buffalo 5 to 7 lactations and cow 10 lactation in their life, reproduction
cycle once in 21 days, for 18 hours, insemination 60 days after calving
• Purchase of animals up to 3rd lactation is advisable, preferably first and
second one, within one month of calving. Purchase during advanced
lactation , dry period should be avoided
• Purchase committee for bulk purchase, best season for purchase Sep to
Jan.
 Other Technical Parameters
• Purchase of two sets of animals , with interval of 6
months, to maintain continuity of milk, min
economic size 2 animals
• Floor space 40 sq ft per animal, calf 12 sq.ft
• Feed requirement: 25 Kg of green fodder, 5 Kg of dry
fodder, 1Kg of concentrate per day; + during
lactation 1 Kg of concentrate per 3 lr milk for cow
and 2.5 lr for buffalo
• Common diseases: Foot and mouth disease,
Rinderpest, Hemorrhagic septicemia, Black Quarter
etc
 Check list for Dairy advances
• Place is near to city? Town? Market?
• Experience, technical knowledge, aptitude?
• Location of Veterinary dispensary, artificial insemination facility
• If existing no of animals, milk yield, marketing, income generation
• Cattle Shed, water supply adequate
• Green/dry fodder supply? to be grown? Cattle feed supply?
• Which cross breed? Whether available?
• Marketing arrangement ? Tie up arrangement if any? If so
credentials of the society or milk company, chilling plant and
arrangement for lifting the milk daily? Milk collection route?
• Any overdue? Margin money source? Security?
• Cattle insurance arrangement
 Documents
• Application: Agri 15, Agri 7, Land records from VAO
• No due certificate from society/ other Banks
• Letter of undertaking from milk co op society
• F 110 i Hypothecation (110 k for up to one lakh)
• F 378 repayment in installment
• F 512 Registered mortgage
• F 379/ 379A confirmation of deposit of title deeds
• F 111/ 111A Letter of guarantee
• F 417/ 417A Registration of memorandum
 Disbursement and follow up
• Disbursement for construction of shed first in stages of
construction, thereafter purchase of animals, in stages
to the suppliers or sellers
• Margin: up to 1 lakh nil, above 15 to 25%
• Valuation and health of the animal certified by
veterinary doctor, ear tagged, vaccinated
• Comprehensive insurance with Bank clause
• Post credit supervision and inspection report
• Repayment: No holiday, max 60/ 72 monthly
installments, for construction of shed one year holiday
period
 Financing Heifer Calf Rearing
• (under tie up with milk producers’ union)
• Buying calf and rearing:4 m old cross bred calf;
financed for concentrate feed, veterinary
care, insurance, insemination. Comes to heat
in 20m, lactation in 30 m
• Farmers owning 2 own animals, their first
female cross calf is financed for rearing as
above
 Financing Heifer Calf Rearing
• Eligible farmer should have shed 60 sqft/
animal, one ac fodder for 5 animals,
veterinary support is available
• Age, value, health certified by Vet. Doctor,
tagged, insured, id mark noted
• Repayment 60 m install by selling milk or one
lum sum by selling the calved animal
 Dairy Entrepreneurship Dev. Scheme
(DEDS) by NABARD (2015-16)

• Farmers, Entrepreneurs, company, SHG, Dairy Co Op

Societies, subsidy 25% (33.3% for SC/ST)
• 2 to 10 cross bred/ indigenous descript animal Max limit
Rs.6 lakhs
• Heifer calves rearing 5 to 20 calves max 5.3 lakhs,
subsidy Rs.1.2/1.6 lakhs; Gestation 3 years repayment 7
years
• Milking m/c, milk testers, 2000 litre cooling unit Rs.20
lakhs,
• Manufacture of indigenous Milk products Rs.13.2 lakhs
 DEDS
• Dairy products transportation, cold chain Rs.26.5Lakhs
• Cold storage facilities Rs.33 lakhs
• Private veterinary clinic Rs.2.6 lakhs for mobile and
Rs.2 lakhs for stationary
• Dairy parlour, marketing outlet Rs.one lakh
• Vermi compost (part of dairy) Rs.22,000/=
• 10% margin from entreupreneurs
• Repay 3 to 7 years depending on scheme
• Subsidy back ended, lock in period 3 years
• Joint Moni. Committee to supervise the scheme
Sheep Farming
Sheep Farming
 Sheep Rearing
• Mutton, Wool, Leather, Manure (penning)
• Small investment, waste land grazing, thatched roof.
They love open natural life
• Very low maintenance Medicine Rs.20/ yr, no
equipments
• Indian breeds Deccani, Hassan, Bellary, wool only one
Kg in a year
• Exotic Merino, Rambouillet 5-6 Kg /year
• Avoid Marshy area/ grazing prohibited area
• Not easily verifiable, group of beneficiary in a compact
area
 Technicalities of Sheep Rearing
• 20 ewes (F) + 1 Ram (M). Ewes of 1 ½ yr to be
purchased, ready for conceiving
• 5 months pregnancy, one lamb only, 8 lambs in
life span of 10 years, average annual lambing
70%, 14 lambs in a flock of 20 ewes
• Only Rams are sold at the age of 6 to 9 months,
ewes culled only at >7 years
• In 5 years time, Farmer left with a flock of thrice
the original size, after selling rams and repaying
Bank’s loan
• Rams sold at 15 to 20 Kg, dressing% 45%
 Financing of Sheeps
• Subsidiary activity for farmer as wells commercial
farm
• Application Agri-15, Agri -7
• Unit cost as per NABARD circular and schemes
• Purchase from Govt. farm or other farmers
• Insurance ear tagged, veterinary certificate
• Post credit supervision, ensure vet. Care
• One year holiday, repay 4 to 5 yrs hfyly instal; 2 nd
20%, 3rd 25% 4th 25% 5th year 30%
• Sheep Breeders’ society
Goat Farming
 Goat Rearing
• Poor man’s cow, preferred meat, skin exported,
few varieties Pashmina, Tellicheri, Malabari,
Kashmiri, Surti. But 90% desi in Deccan plain
• Meat goat 20 Kg at 8 to 9 months
• Breeding, 5months gestation, twins are common;
milk 1-2 lr/ day lactation for 120 days
• Goats feed on shrub, twig, buds of neem, ber,
babul, tamarind etc – Forestry clearance is
required, so not encouraged
 Goat Rearing
• Stall fed goat rearing, commercial farming is
common in South India
• Fodder cultivation one acre for 20 goats
• 10 she goats and one buck (M)
• Other terms same as for sheep farming
Poultry Deep Litter System
Poultry – Cage system
Poultry – Cage system
 POULTRY FARMING
• Combating malnutrition, low investment, return
of investment in 2 m in broiler, 18 m in layers
• Requires specialised managerial skill
• Financing i. Broilers ii. Layers iii. Hatchery
• TL : shed, cages, equipments, feed plant
• WC : purchase of day old chicks, feed, medicine,
power, water, labour etc.
• Income : from sale of egg/broiler, poultry
manure, culled birds etc
 Technicalities of Poultry Layers
• Day old female chick, growing up to 6 months,
laying till 18th month
• So 6 m growth + 12 m egg laying
• Babcock, Poona pearl, Rani shaver, HY Line
• Chick mash, grower mash total 7 Kg, layer mash
total 40 Kg (110 g / day)
• Deep litter system 2 sq ft per bird, Cage system 1
sq ft per bird
• Flocking pattern 1 grower + 2 layer; 1+3, 1+1+5
• 270 to 280 eggs per bird
 Technicalities of Broilers
• Reared up to 8 weeks (2 months)
• Space: Deep litter 1 sq ft, cage 0.5 sq ft/ bird
• Feed for 8 weeks 4 Kg per bird
• All in all out system; 5 crops in a year
• Relay cycle system, weekly/ fortnightly batch
• Hatcheries: crossing of female and male stock,
egg hatching, production of day old chick
 Check list for financing
• Suitable dry climate, good ventilation, water,
electricity available, Distance, connected?
• Experience, tech know how, vet assistance,
competent supervisor
• Brand? Supplier? Shed size? Flock size and
pattern, own feed or supplier?
• Marketing arrangement
• Existing firm’s performance, yield, mortality
 Poultry Financing
• NABARD unit cost time to time
• Post credit supervision: every month, register
of flock strength, feed, mortality, egg
production, medical care, to be maintained
• Disbursement to feed, chick suppliers
• Repayment: layer: WC 12 monthly TL 6 to 7
yrs
Broiler: 4 to 5 years 3 months holiday
 Poultry venture capital fund NABARD
scheme
Purpose No. of Birds Unit cost
Hybrid layers 5000 20 lakhs
Central Grower Unit 1600 layers 40 lakhs
Hybrid broiler 5000 2.8 lakhs
Feed Mixing Unit 1 ton/ hour 16 lakhs
Transport vehicle 8 lakhs
Transport vehicle 15 lakhs
(refrigerated)
Retail Market outlet 6 lakhs
Cold storage poultry 20 lakhs
product
 Subsidy
• 25% and 33.3% to SC/ST and units in N.E.
region and Sikkim
• Bank to sanction and release first installment
and claim subsidy
• Subsidy back ended, min lock in period 3 years
• Repayment max 9 years
• Interest free loan up to 50% of total outlay,
NABARD reimburses to the Bank
Pig Farm
Pig farmn
 Piggery
• Least investment, space, shortest period
• Efficient converters of Agrl waste into edible pork
Dressing % 80
• Prolific breeders 8-10 piglets in each farrow
• White yorkshire, Berkshire, Hampshire, Poland Cheria,
Land race
• Ready for mating in 9 months, gestation 4 m, weaning
2 m, in an year 2 breedings
• Period of fattening 9 m weight 80 – 100 Kg, 3 Kg of feed
converted to 1 Kg pork
 Piggery
• Reproduction cycle 21 days, heat duration 2 -3
days
• Sow (F), Boar (M) ratio 10:1
• Space required for one fattening pig 15 sq ft,
for Boar 75 sq ft
• Feed: Boar 3 Kg, breeding sow 2 Kg per day,
fattening sow 40 Kg/month, 70% feed from
kitchen/ hotel/ hostel vege. waste
30% concentrate (rice bran, ground nut cake, tubers)
 Financing Piggery
• Breeding cum fattening scheme: Breeding pigs of 6 to
7 months old purchased in 2 batches of 10 sow 1 Boar
each at 3 months interval, 50% of 3 months old sold
and balance reared as fatteners and sold at 9 months
• Fattening scheme: Piglets purchased and reared for 9 –
12 months and sold for meat
• Loan towards purchase of piglets, shed, equipments
etc
• Purchase committee under schemes, tattooed,
insured, vet certificate, vaccine against swine fever,
foot and mouth disease etc
• Repay 4 to 5 annual installments, one year holiday
 RABBITRY
• Rabbit meat is low fat/calorie high protein, superfine
wool for shawls/ mufflers, fur has good market value
• For meat New zealand white, soviet chinchill for wool
Russian Angora, British Angora
• Cool dry climate in hills both wool & meat rabbit,
plains only meat rabbits, should be well ventilated
• Housing: Hutch system nest boxes in a row, pair in a
box; Cage system 2 or three tiers
• Doesn’t require much attention, timid, gentle, quiet,
scared for almost everything, to be lifted by neck, not
by ears, with support in bottom
 RABBITRY
• Feed on grass, legumes, farm waste, tuber crops,
broken grain/ gram, oil cake, hay, leaf
• Matures for breeding at 6 months, pregnancy
one month, 2 m suckling, 4 deliveries in a year, 6
young rabbits in one delivery
• Adult body weight 3.5 Kg, wool 500g/ year
• 2 batches of 5 does (F) + 1 buck (M), it will
multiply to 190 young rabbits in a year (8x6x4)
• Repay 5 years, 10 Hyrly installments
Sericulture - Larvae of silk worm
Larva and Pupa
CHANDRIKA
Chandrika and cocoon
 PUPAE
Pupae in chandrika Ready to Market
Processing of Pupae
Manual Reeling
Mechanised Reeling
Button Mushroom
Paddy Straw Mushroom
Oyster Mushroom
Oyster Mushroom cultivation
 Mushroom cultivation
• Vitamins, minerals source, table delicacy
• Grows on agri waste like paddy, wheat straw
• Finance for Button, paddy straw, oyster mushrooms,
application Agri 15 and Agri 12
• Production House: thatched/ tiled ordinary house, with 24c
humidity 80 to 95%
• Substrate: paddy straw, maize stalk, bagasse, cotton/ paper
waste, plant waste + rice bran
• Spawn (seed) from university, Research station, govt. dept.,
placed over substrate
• Kept in dark for 15 to 20 days, temp., humidity maintained,
daily watering, 20 to 20 min wind, light daily twice
 Mushroom cultivation
• Oyster First harvest 25th day; 2 or 3 harvests at
10 days interval yield 30% of substrate on dry
weight basis
• Paddy straw: 15 days, then once 10 days for
one month, 4to 5 harvest yield 10% of
substrate on dry weight basis
• Risk factor: Availability of spawn, Marketing,
specification of temp and humidity
• Repayment: 3 to 5 years
Honey Bees
Bee Boxes
A Honey Bee farm in H.P.
 Bee Hive Frames
Bee Colony Bee Hive Examined
 Bee Colony
• One queen bee, only fertile female, laying
eggs 700 to 1000 per day
• Few hundred drone (male) bees
• 12000 to 15000 worker bees, sterile female
collecting nectar, clean the comb, nurse the
population
• Nectar is collected from flowers, converted as
honey stored in combs
 Bee Keeping
• Bees are best friends of farmers
• Indian bee hive bee Apicerana indica
• KVIC, KVIB schemes, offer guidances
• Finance to Bee Box, honey extractor, smoker, other
accessories like bee proof suit, veil to face, gloves etc.
• Repay : one year holiday, 9 years
• Bee management: protection of bees from ant, lizards,
birds, rain etc
• Swarm control, during spring extra super frames to be
provided, sealed combs to be taken away
• Requeening a colony at least every 2 years
FISH POND
FISH POND
PISCICULTURE
PRAWN FISH
PRAWN FARM
PRAWN HARVEST
 PISCICULTURE
• Cheap and easy to digest protein
• Availability in natural water reduced due to
pollution
• Fish farming in i. Natural water bodies
ii. Under artificial condition in ponds, with
more than one compatible fish culture, we get
maximum yield
• Water body of 2m depth, not less than 1m
 Composite Fish Culture
Indian:
CATLA Feeds on small worms, Surface feeder
organisms
ROHU Both plants, worms Column feeder
MRIGAL Only plants Bottom feeder
Exotic
SILVER CARP Algae surface
GRASS CARP Small plants Column
COMMON CARP Worms, organisms bottom
 Selection or Construction of Pond
• Water retention, adequate supply of water,
not flood prone
• Owned or Lease period not less than loan
period/ or pond in their own land
• Desilting, deepening of ponds, construction,
repair of embankment
• Construction of inlets and outlets
• Excavation of new pond, pumpset, water
supply, electricity, watchman shed
 Preparation of Pond Before Stocking
• Removal of weeds manual/ chemical
• Removal of predatory fish by mahua cake or
by sun drying the pond floor
• Liming to adjust the pH, fill up the pond
• Organic manuring cow dung, after three days
N and P fertilisers
• Stocking with 3 or 4 or 6 species
 Eligible for Finance
FIXED COST:
• Site clearance, construction of a new pond
• Inlet/ outlet, pumpset, store/ rest room
• Nets, implements, others
RECURRING:
• Desilting, drying
• Lime, cowdung, fertilizers
• Fish seed
• Fish feed
• Harvesting charges MARGIN : 25%
• Repayment: 8 years, one year moratorium Subsidy:
 National Fisheries Dev. Board
Activity Unit cost Subsidy/soft loan
Construction of new pond Rs.3 lakh per ha 20% (Sc/ST 25%)
(existing variety fish, Rs. 4 lakh in hilly area
prawn)
Innovative new technology As per NFDB 40%
Renovation of existing 0.75 lakh/ha 20% (25%)
pond
Input for fresh water 1.8 lakh/ha 20% for all
prawn
Input for fish 0.5 lakh/ha 20% (25%)
Various schemes are available for fish seed
rearing
Feed mill 1.2 Q/day 7.5 lakhs 20%
Feed mill 2 ton/day 25 lakhs 40% soft loan @5%
Cold chain development Unit cost by the Board 40% soft loan
Earth Worms
VERMI COMPOST
 What is Vermi Compost
• Vermi compost is the product or process of composting decomposing vegetable or
food waste, using various worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and
other earthworms to create a mixture of bedding materials, and vermicast worm
castings. worm humus or worm manure, is the end-product of the breakdown
of organic matter by an earthworm.

• These castings have been shown to contain higher amount of nutrients than do
organic materials before vermi composting

• Containing water-soluble nutrients, vermi compost is an excellent, nutrient-

rich organic fertilizer and soil conditioner. This process of producing vermi compost
is called vermi composting.

Composting Methods:
• Large Scale Windrow composting, bed composting
• Small scale Bin composting (plastic or wooden bins)

• Founder vermicultivation Dr. Thomas J. Barrett

 Feed Stock
• All fruits and vegetables (including citrus and other "high acid" foods)
• Vegetable and fruit peels and ends
• Coffee grounds and filters
• Tea bags (even those with high tannin levels)
• Grains such as bread, cracker and cereal (including moldy and stale)
• Eggshells
• Leaves and grass clippings (not sprayed with pesticides)
• Dairy cow or pig manure
• Sewage sludge
• Agricultural waste
• Food processing and grocery waste
• Cafeteria waste
• Grass clippings and wood chips
– Large-scale or commercial
 Benefits
• Soil
• Improves soil aeration
• Enriches soil with micro-organisms
• Microbial activity in worm castings is 10 to 20 times higher
than in the soil
• Attracts deep-burrowing earthworms already present in
the soil
• Improves water holding capacity
• Plant growth
• Enhances germination, plant growth, and crop yield
• Improves root growth and structure
• Adding plant hormones such as auxins and gibberellic acid
 THANK YOU

Wishing you all the best