1.

identifying the desired trait

2.Inserting the gene into the target organism
3.Breeding and propagating organisms with the
desired trait
4.Isolating the gene responsible for the desired
trait
5.Obtaining regulatory approval
6.Conducting field trials and testing
1.Check if the new plant has the
trait.
2.Find the trait you want.
3.Grow the new plant.
4.Put the new trait into the plant
1. Inserting the gene into the target organism.
2. Cutting the desired gene from the source.
3. Checking if the desired trait is present in the
modified organism.
4. Isolating the gene responsible for the desired trait.
5. Ligation: Ligating the gene with the target
organism's DNA.
6. Identifying the desired gene.
7. Inserting the desired genes into a vector for
cloning.
What are GMO’s ?
GMO’s
•Refer to organisms whose genetic
material has been altered using
genetic engineering techniques.
•Genetically Modified organism is
called transgenic organism; since
genes are transferred from one
organism to another.
XENOTRANSPLANTATI
ON
GROUP ACTIVITY

WRITE PROS CONS

 PROS
1.Increased crop yield: GMOs can be engineered
to be more resistant to pests, diseases, and
environmental stressors, leading to higher crop
yields and greater food production.
2.Enhanced nutritional value: Genetic
engineering can be used to increase the
nutritional content of crops, such as adding
vitamins or minerals to staple foods like rice or
maize.
4. Reduced need for pesticides: GMOs can be designed to
be resistant to pests or herbicides, reducing the need for
chemical pesticides and promoting more sustainable
farming practices.
5. Improved shelf life and transportability: Genetic
engineering can extend the shelf life of fruits and
vegetables by delaying ripening or reducing susceptibility
to spoilage, which can help reduce food waste.
6. Potential for medical applications: Genetic engineering
holds promise for developing pharmaceuticals, including
the production of insulin and vaccines, as well as gene
CONS
1.Environmental Risks: GMOs might
harm other plants and animals and upset
natural places.

2. Health Concerns: Some people worry

that GMOs could cause health problems,
though most scientists say they're safe.
3. Economic Issues: Big companies usually own GMOs, which
might control a lot of food and make small farmers depend on them.

4. Ethical Questions: Some folks wonder if it's right to change

nature so much, and what might happen accidentally.

5. Gene Spreading: GMOs might mix with regular plants, creating

strange mixes when they share pollen or seeds.

6. Changing Farming Practices: Using GMOs might make us forget

traditional ways of farming, leaving out small farmers and native
groups.
 GMO Concerns
• Risk to human health; unsafe to eat
• Harm to the environment and wildlife
• Increased pesticide and herbicide use
• Farmers’ health
• Seed and pollen drift
• Creation of herbicide-resistant super weeds
• What about genetic engineering in humans?
• Despite the proposed benefits of GMOs, some people have
raised their concerns regarding the consumption of these
modified foods. While most of the products are tested for safety,
concerns are raised for the possibility of not being able to detect
hazards that are present but are currently undetectable by today’s
current technology.

• Because of these issues, manufacturers are urged to provide

labels that notify consumers of GMO presence in their products.
While GMOs are believed to be safe when licensed by the food
regulatory agencies, it is believed that the consumers must be
provided with enough information to make their own choices
regarding their use.
•Nearly 50 countries around the world,
including Australia, Japan and all of the
countries in the European Union, have
enacted significant restrictions or full
bans on the production and sale of
genetically modified organism food
products, and 64 countries now have
GMO labeling requirements.
• Bhutan: Bhutan has implemented a complete ban on
the cultivation of GMO crops and the import of GMO
products for human consumption.

• Kenya: Kenya has a ban on the importation of GMO

foods, although GMO research is allowed under strict
regulations.
• Madagascar: Madagascar has banned the importation
and cultivation of GMOs for food crops, citing
concerns about their potential impact on biodiversity
and traditional agricultural practices.
•The Philippines does not have a
complete ban on genetically
modified organisms (GMOs).
Instead, the country has regulations
governing the research, cultivation,
importation, and sale of GMOs.
• In the Philippines, GMOs are regulated under the National Biosafety Framework, which
includes the following key components:
1. Biosafety regulations: The Philippines has established regulatory agencies responsible
for assessing the safety of GMOs, including the Department of Agriculture (DA) and the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). GMO proponents must
obtain permits from these agencies before conducting field trials or commercializing
GMO crops.

2. Labeling requirements: The Philippines has labeling requirements for GMO products,
ensuring that consumers are informed about the presence of GMOs in food and feed
products. The labeling of GMOs is mandatory if they exceed certain thresholds in the
final product.

3. Monitoring and enforcement: Regulatory agencies in the Philippines are responsible

for monitoring compliance with biosafety regulations and enforcing penalties for
violations. This includes monitoring GMO field trials, inspecting imported GMO
•Collaboration plays a vital
role, especially in the
context of introducing
genetically modified
organisms (GMOs) into the
market.
•GMOs represent a complex
intersection of science, technology,
agriculture, economics, and public
health, requiring multidisciplinary
cooperation to ensure their safe and
beneficial integration into our food
systems.
•Stakeholder Engagement
•Transparency and
Education
•Regulatory
Harmonization
•Public order and safety.
•Human security
TASK REFLECTIVE JOURNAL
•What is your stance on genetically modified
organisms (GMOs)? Are you in favor of their
use, considering their potential benefits in
increasing crop yield, improving nutritional
content, and aiding in pest resistance, or do
you have reservations due to concerns about
their long-term impact on human health, the
environment, and socioeconomic factors?"
"Finding balance in the GMO
debate is like tending a delicate
garden; where understanding
blooms, harmony between
progress and preservation
thrives."