BIODIVERSITY

WHAT IS
BIODIVERSITY?
Variability in life forms within and between species in an ecosystem

BIO MEANS – LIFE

DIVERSITY MEANS - VARIETY
 

Biodiversity is all the different kinds of life you’ll find in one area—the variety of
animals, plants, fungi, and even microorganisms like bacteria that make up our natural
world.
Each of these species and organisms work together in ecosystems, like an intricate
web, to maintain balance and support life. Biodiversity supports everything in nature
that we need to survive: food, clean water, medicine, and shelter.
 
THREE TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Bio- means life and defined as the science of life and
living organism.
Technology- is the science or knowledge put into
practical use to solve problems or invent useful tools.
Biotechnology
Use of biological systems, living organisms or derivatives
thereof, to make or modify products or processes for a
specific use
TYPES OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Green Biotechnology - Agricultural
Application
Is a collection of scientific techniques used to improve
plants, animals and microorganisms. Based on DNA.
 WHITE
BIOTECHNOLOGY
INDUSTRIAL
APPLICATION
It is the designing of an organism to produce
useful chemical enzymes.
 RED BIOTECHNOLOGY
MEDICAL APPLICATION
Used in medical processes and involves the manipulation of
microorganism to make products such as antibiotics.
It includes:
• Production of medicines and pharmaceutical products for
treating or diagnosing disorders
• Designing of organism to manufacture antibiotics and vaccines
•Engineering of genetic defects through genomic manipulation
Use in
•Forensics through DNA profiling
 BLUE BIOTECHNOLOGY -
AQUATIC APPLICATION
The application of molecular biological method to marine
and fresh water organism.

Blue biotechnology is more of a field that makes use of

marine bio resources as the source of biological
applications.
GENETIC ENGINEERING
Genetic engineering – technique that allows genes and
DNA to be transferred from one source to another,
leading to the production of living modified organisms
(LMOs) or genetically-modified organisms (GMOs).

Is also called as genetic modification or genetic

manipulation. It is the direct manipulation of an
organisms' genes using biotechnology.
PROS:
Tackling & defeating diseases
 Getting rid of an illnesses in young and unborn children
 Potential to live longer
 Produce new food
Organisms can be "tailor-made“
 Faster growth rate in animals and plants
Pest and disease resistance
CONS:

May lead to genetic diseases

 Limits genetic diversity
 Reduced nutritional value
 Risky pathogens
 Negative side effects
 Plant, animal, microorganism, or
other organism whose genetic
makeup has been modified using
recombinant DNA methods
 How are GMOs made?
Recombinant DNA technology - involves the insertion of one or more
individual genes from an organism of one species into the DNA of another

4 steps in Making a GMO:

 How are GMOs made?
 How are GMOs made?
There are a number of possible applications for the
genetic modification of organisms:

1. Agricultural crops are commonly modified to improve

yield, growth rates and nutritional value
2. Genetically modified animals may be used to grow human
transplant tissues and organs (xenotransplantation)
3. A number of microorganisms are being considered as
future clean fuel producers and bio degraders
4. Pharmaceutical companies are exploring the possibilities
of introducing vaccines, antibodies and medicines into
foods
 Examples of GMOs
 Examples of GMOs
GM papaya Roundup ready soybean Arctic apple
See-through frogs Vacanti mouse Monkey-pig chimera

GM cotton Innate Potato

GM Mosquitoe GM bacteria
BENEFITS OF GMO
1. Higher efficiency in farming
2. Increase in harvest
3. Control in fertility
4. Increase in food processing
5. Improvement of desirable characteristics
6. Nutritional and pharmaceutical enhancement
SHOULD WE
BE WORRIED
ABOUT GMO?
 POTENTI
AL RISK
OF GMO
1. Inadequate studies on the
effects of GMO to humans
and the environment
It is a potential risk to
consumers because it might
harm our health while
consuming genetic
engineered products and
also a threat to the
environment
It only happens if the safety
aspects of genetic modified
foods of plant origin not
applied.
PROTESTING
 POTENTI
AL RISK
OF GMO
2. Promotes mutation in
organisms, which the long-
term effects are still unknown

A new study shows that

Monsanto’s genetically modified
corn and Roundup herbicide
cause negative health effects in
rats,and is raising questions
about the safety of GMOs.
Some researchers are having
research the effects of GMO to
human and rats
RESULTS:

• Up to 50% of males and 70% of

females suffered premature death.

• Rats that drank trace amounts of

Roundup (at levels legally allowed in
the water supply) had a 200% to
300% increase in large tumors.

• Rats fed GM corn and traces of

Roundup suffered severe organ
damage including liver damage and
kidney damage.
 POTENTI
AL RISK
OF GMO

3. Human consumption
might have the following
effects:

- More allergic reactions

- Gene mutation
- Antibiotic resistance
- Change in nutritional
value
BIOSAFETY ON GMOS
1. Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex) – responsible
for the development of standards, codes of practices, guidelines,
and recommendations on food safety (has developed principles for
the human health risk analysis of GM food products)
2. Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety – international
environmental treaty that regulates the transboundary movements
of LMOs
3. International Trade Agreement on Labeling of GM food
and food products – an agreement that requires exporters of GM
food and food products to label their products and give rights to
importing parties to reject or accept the GM products (consumers
have the right to know and the freedom to choose)
ACTIVITY:
IS GMO REALLY LESS HEALTHY THAN
NON-GMO FOOD? WHY OR WHY NOT?

Please turn in your reflection on our

google classroom. Thank you!
THANK
YOU!!!
By:
Group 3 - Reporters