GROUP A

ORGANIZATIONAL
PHILOSOPHY

EVOLUTION OF & THE GURUS

PRINCIPLE
S

Kibet Fredrick, & Rachel Wairimu

School of education, Arts & Social Sciences, KCA University
MLM 534 Management and Leadership for Quality Assurance
Dr. Mary Mbii
 Evolution of QA and the Gurus
o QA has become a major concern for
all industries.
o Understanding the origin of the
discipline is paramount to
appreciating its importance.
 Why is QA important?
o Enables organizations to identify potential
problems before they occur, thereby
improving performance and customer
satisfaction.
o Promotes compliance with legal and
regulatory requirements.
o Helps to identify and address weaknesses
in current practices.

"Quality is never an accident; it is always the result of intelligent effort." - John Ruskin
 Evolution of Quality Assurance
Industrial Revolution (18th Century)
Quality control emerged to ensure
the reliability and safety of goods.
Modern Times of 21st Century
QA has expanded to include the
service industry (e.g., schools),
software development, and other
areas outside of traditional
manufacturing.
20th Century
o QA focused on identifying defective products and
fixing them before they could reach the customer.
o Frederick Taylor in 1911 introduced scientific
management principles.
o After World War II, International standards, such
as ISO, were developed.
o QA became more focused on prevention and
continuous improvement (1980s) with the
introduction of statistical process control and other
methodologies.
 Evolution of Quality Assurance Methodologies
Total Quality Management
(TQM) (1970s)
Lean Six Sigma (1980s)

A process-driven approach to A methodology that combines the

quality assurance that principles of lean manufacturing and
emphasizes continuous Six Sigma to identify and eliminate
improvement and customer waste in processes.
satisfaction.

Agile Methodologies (Now)

Traditional Approach (before 1950s)
A flexible approach to quality
Focused on inspection and detecting
assurance that emphasizes
defects at the end of the production
collaboration, communication,
process.
and iterative development.
 The Gurus of Quality Assurance

W. Edwards Deming

Contribution
Introduced statistical quality
control and a philosophy of
continuous improvement through
the PDCA cycle.
Deming's 14 Points for Management
 The Gurus of Quality Assurance

Joseph Juran

Contribution
Developed a comprehensive
approach to quality
management that focused on
performance, standards, and
accountability.
The Gurus of Quality Assurance

Philip Crosby

Contribution
Emphasized the importance of
zero defects and the cost of poor
quality. Popularized quality
circles and involvement of the
workforce.
Philip B. Crosby 4 Absolutes of Quality
The Gurus of Quality Assurance
Kaoru Ishikawa

Contribution
Pioneered the use of fishbone
diagrams and advocated for
teamwork and communication
in quality assurance.
Ishikawa Diagram or Fishbone Diagram
 The Gurus of Quality Assurance

Genichi Taguchi

Contribution
Developed the Taguchi Methods
and introduced the concept of
“quality loss function”.
 Conclusion and Future Prospects
o QA has come a long way since its inception and
continues to evolve as new technologies and approaches
emerge.
o Continuous improvement will always be at the heart of
effective QA, with emerging technologies playing a key
role in shaping the future of the discipline.
 Quality Assurance Principles
o QA is essential for any
successful organization.
o To attain and maintain high
standards, there are several
key principles that should
be followed.
 References
Besterfield-Sacre, M. E., & Besterfield, G. H. (2012). Total quality
management (TQM). Springer US.
Crosby, Philip (1979). Quality Is Free: The Art of Making Quality Certain.
McGraw-Hill.
Deming, W. Edwards (1986). Out of the Crisis. MIT Press.
George, M. L., & Rowlands, D. (2003). Lean six sigma: Combining
six sigma quality with lean speed. McGraw-Hill
ISO 9001:2015 Quality management systems - Requirements.
Juran, Joseph M. (1988). Juran on Planning for Quality. Free Press.
Professional Manifesto for Agile Software Development. (2001). Agile
Alliance. Retrieved from http://agilemanifesto.org/