Universidad Iberoamericana De Panamá

Branch Of David
Department Of English
Bachelor Degree In English
Topic
Phonetics
Student Name
Yessica Miranda
Id: 4-700-674
Instructor: Alberto On Forty
2023
PHONETICS
 The Process of Verbal Communication in English
The Verbal Communication is a type of oral
communication wherein the message is transmitted
through the spoken words. Here the sender gives words
to his feelings, thoughts, ideas and opinions and
expresses them in the form of speeches, discussions,
presentations, and conversations.
The effectiveness of the verbal communication
depends on the tone of the speaker, clarity of speech,
volume, speed, body language and the quality of words
used in the conversation.
Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that focuses
on the production and classification of the
world’s speech sounds. The production of
speech looks at the interaction of different vocal
organs, for example the lips, tongue and teeth, to
produce particular sounds. By classification of
speech, we focus on the sorting of speech sounds
into categories which can be seen in what is
called the International Phonetic Alphabet
(IPA).
 PHONOLOGY
Phonology is the study of the patterns of sounds in a
language and across languages. Put more formally,
phonology is the study of the categorical
organization of speech sounds in languages; how
speech sounds are organized in the mind and used
to convey meaning. In this section of the website, we
will describe the most common phonological
processes and introduce the concepts of underlying
representations for sounds versus what is actually
produced, the surface form.
 PLACE OF ARTICULATION
The place of articulation refers to
“the point in the vocal tract where
the speech organs restrict the
passage of air in some way so
producing distinctive speech
sounds” (Finch, 1999). As with
manner of articulation, places of
articulation are more frequently
used to describe consonants than
vowels.
 PHONEMES AND ALLOPHONES
Phonemes are the meaningfully different sound
units in a language (the smallest units of sound). For
example, ‘pat’ and ‘bat’ differ in their first phoneme:
the “p” and “b”. Vowels are also phonemes, so “pat”
and “pet” differ by a phoneme, too (But phonemes
don’t always match up with spelling!). When two
words differ by a single phoneme they are known as
a minimal pair.
Allophones are different ways to pronounce a
phoneme based on its environment in a word.
For example, the two allophones of /l/ in “little”
are actually produced slightly differently, and
the second one sounds slightly deeper. These
different “l”s always occur in different
environments in words, which is known as
“complementary distribution”.
 STRESSED AND UNSTRESSED VOWELS
Stressed vowel sounds are longer, louder,
and/or higher in pitch than vowel sounds
without stress. You can use just one of
these features, or any combination of these
features at the same time. Overall, stressed
sounds are “stronger” than unstressed
sounds.
Unstressed vowels are vowel sounds that
are hard to hear when we say a word out
loud. Because we don't stress these
vowels, it can be easy to miss them out
when we're spelling! For example: when
we say the word library we often
pronounce it more like 'lie-bree'. The 'a' is
an unstressed vowel.
 IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
The communication process is the fact of
exchanging data, information and
opinions between two or more people, it
has the objective of transmitting and
obtaining information. We all feel the
need to share and interact with other
human beings and convey what we
think, because the communication
process is important.
 TENSE AND LAX VOWELS
Lax vowels are monophthongal and tense
vowels are diphthongal. Lax vowels are
pronounced with more or less stationary
tongue and lip position. Tense vowels are
pronounced with the movement of the
tongue, with or without a change in lip
position.
 PLACE OF ARTICULATION
The place of articulation refers to “the point in the
vocal tract where the speech organs restrict the
passage of air in some way so producing distinctive
speech sounds” (Finch, 1999).
MANNER OF ARTICULATION
Sound can be shaped as it passes through the vocal
chords, and as the air is passed from the lungs
passed the pharyngeal cavity, the nasal cavity or the
oral and labial cavities.
 FORMATION OF VOWELS AND CONSONANTS
A vowel is any sound with no audible noise produced
by constriction in the vocal tract, and consonant is a
sound with audible noise produced by a constriction.
However, this definition forces us to identify as vowels
many sounds which function as consonants in speech.
WHAT IS IPA (INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC
ALPHABET)
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system
where each symbol is associated with a particular
English sound. By using IPA you can know exactly how
to pronounce a certain word in English.
 1 Timothy 3:16
16
And without controversy great
is the mystery of godliness: God
was manifest in the flesh,
justified in the Spirit, seen of
angels, preached unto the
Gentiles, believed on in the
world, received up into glory.