MALARIA

A small topic from Human Health & Disease (Class XII)

 INTRODUCTION

 Tropical & Temperate region disease

 Caused by toxins produced in human body by malarial
parasite Plasmodium.
 Two hosts –
a. Primary/Definitive Host/vector/carrier: Female
Anopheles mosquito as sexual phase of malarial
parasite takes place.
b. Secondary/Intermediate Host: Human being as asexual
phase of malarial parasite takes place.
 HISTORY
• 1717: Lancisi first suspected relationship between swamp, malaria and mosquito
• 1872: Muculoch gave the name malaria & it was believed that it was caused by foul air. (Italian mala
= bad, aria = air)
• 1880: Laveran, a French army medical officer, discovered malarial parasites in the blood of a malarial
patient.
• 29th August 1897: Sir Ronald Ross established that malarial parasite is transmitted by bite of a female
Anopheles mosquito.
 LIFE CYCLE
Female Anopheles mosquito  Bites a
Person Sporozoites enter’s blood 
reach liver  Shizogony occurs 
produce merozoites  further attack more
liver cell and RBC  In RBC,
erythrocytic shizogony occur  RBC
burst to release merozoites  some
merozoites produce gametocysts 
mosquito sucks blood  gametocytes
enter stomach  develop gametes  male
+ female  zygote  enter stomach wall
& form oocyst  produce sporozoites
(Sporogony)  some reach salivary gland
 infected mosquito
 TYPES OF MALARIA
Malaria Causative Agent Most The incubation Reoccurence of fever
common/ period (IP): (ROF)
rare appearance of 1st
symptom after 14
days of infection.
Benign Tertian Malaria Plasmodium vivax India 14 days Every 48 hour

Malignant/Pernicious/ Plasmodium Africa 12 days Every 48 hour

Cerebral/Tropical Tertian falciparum
Malaria

Quartan Malaria Plasmodium Less 28 days Every 72 hour

malariae common

Mild Tertian Malaria Plasmodium ovale Rare 14 days ----

 TRANSMISSION

Mosquito

Picks up parasite with blood

Infected mosquito

Bites a healthy person

Parasite moves into blood with saliva

 SYMPTOMS

• Restlessness
• Less appetite
• Slight sleeplessness
• Muscular pain
• Headache
• Feeling of chilliness
• Body temperature rises upto 106 F
• Sweats a lot
 CONTROL OF MALARIA

1. Prevention of
2. Destruction 3. Treatment of
infection/
of vector Patient
Prophylaxis
AWARENESS
THANK YOU