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1-Stress Basis-11.07.09
1-Stress Basis-11.07.09
1-Stress Basis-11.07.09
Suyog S. Bhamare
What is Stress Analysis ?
• Ensure that stresses in piping components in the systems are within the
allowable limits.
• Ensure the nozzle loadings are within the allowable limits.
• Ensure that sustain vertical displacement is within 10mm.
• Ensure the safety against the occasional loadings such as Seismic and
wind.
• Solve dynamic problems developed due to mechanical vibrations,
acoustic vibration, fluid hammer, pulsation, relief valves etc.
Requirement of stress analysis as per ASME CODE
The Piping Engineer has the following choices to establish that the
required flexibility has been provided in the piping layout.
Thermal
When temperature of the pipe is higher the size of the pipe increases which causes the
nozzle loads to increase and the nozzle loads are further increased when the supports
restrain the pipe from moving. Thus improperly stress analyzed system will cause very
high loads on connecting equipment nozzles.
The other causes of the pipe stress are the occasional loads caused due to Wind,
earthquakes, dynamic loads due to equipment operation like Reciprocating
Compressor, Pilot safety valve reaction force, Slug flow etc.
Steps involved in the stress analysis can be listed as
Identify the potential loads that the piping system would encounter during the life
of the plant.
Relate each of these loads to the stresses and strains developed.
Get the cumulative effect of the potential loads in the system.
Decide the allowable limits.The system can withstand without failure.
After the system is designed, to ensure that the stresses are within the safe limits.
Types of loads
All the American code for Pressure Piping classify the loads mainly into three types.
All pipes will be installed at ambient temperature. Pipes carrying hot fluids such
as water or steam operate at higher temperatures. It follows that they expand,
especially in length, with an increase from ambient to working temperatures.
This will create stress upon certain areas within the distribution system, such as
pipe joints, which, in the extreme, could fracture. The amount of the expansion
is readily calculated using Equation 1 or read from an appropriate chart such as
Figure.
Expansion (mm)=LΔTα ----------------------1
Where:
L = Length of pipe between anchors (m)
DT = Temperature difference between ambient temperature and operating
temperatures (°C)
a = Expansion coefficient (mm/m °C) x 10-3
1) Case Study On Thermal Expansion:
A 30 Mtr Carbon steel pipe is to be used to transport a steam at 4 bar (g) & 152 deg
Cel. If the pipe installed at 10 Deg Cel, Determine the expansion using
Equation 1
Expansion (mm)=LΔTα………………………(a)
L=30 Mtr
ΔT= T1-T2……………………………………………(b)
T1 =152 Deg Cel
T2 =10 Deg Cel
ΔT= (152-10)
ΔT=142 Deg Cel.
α- 0-200 =14.9 X10-3 MM / M deg Cel for carbon steel pipe.
Expansion: 63.5 mm
Alternate Method for Thermal Expansion Calculation.
2) Case Study On Thermal Expansion:
Using below chart find the approximate expansion from 15°C, of 100 metres of
carbon steel pipework used to distribute steam at 265°C.