Statistics and

Probability
Understanding
Probability
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EXPERIMENT
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PROBABILITY
Probability is a field of mathematics that deals with
chance.
An experiment is an activity in which the results cannot
be predicted with certainty. Each repetition of an
experiment is called a trial.
An outcome is a result of an experiment. An event is any
collection of outcomes , and a simple event is an event
with only one possible outcomes.
The sample space for a given experiment is a set S that
contains all possible outcomes of the experiments for
which the sample space is S, the probability of an event
occurring is given by the formula
The sample space for the
experiment in throwing a die
Sample space = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
Probability of an event
P(even) =

n(event) = number of outcomes of the event

n(Sample space) = number of all possible outcomes
Example 1: A coin is tossed, Find :

a) The sample space

{ head, tail}
n(sample space) = 2

b) The probability of getting a head.

P(even) =
𝟏
¿
𝟐
Example 2: What would be the probability of
a) Picking a black card at random from a standard deck
of 52 cards?

P(black) = 𝟐𝟔 𝟏
¿ ¿
𝟓𝟐 𝟐
Example 2.1: What would be the probability of
a) Picking a face card (i.e. a king, queen or jack)?

P(face) = 𝟏𝟐 𝟑
¿ ¿
𝟓𝟐 𝟏𝟑
Example 2.2: What would be the probability of
a) not picking a face card?

P(not face) = 𝟒𝟎 𝟏𝟎
¿ ¿
𝟓𝟐 𝟏𝟑
Example 3: What is the probability of rolling on a fair die:
a) A 5?

P(a 5) = 𝟏
¿
𝟔
Example 3.1: What is the probability of rolling on a fair die:
a) An odd number?

𝟑 𝟏
P(odd) = ¿ ¿
𝟔 𝟐
Example 3.2: What is the probability of rolling on a fair die:
a) zero?

P(zero) = 𝟎
¿
𝟔
¿ 𝟎
Example 3.3: What is the probability of rolling on a fair die:
a) An number less than 3?

P(less than 3) = 𝟐 𝟏
¿ ¿
𝟔 𝟑
Example 3.4: What is the probability of rolling on a fair die:
a) An number lying between 0 and 7?

P(bet. 0 and 7) = 𝟔
¿ ¿𝟏
𝟔
A special die is made in the shape of an icosahedron,
and its faces are numbered with the numbers 1 to 20.

When the die is thrown there is an equal chance of any

face landing uppermost.

If the die is thrown once, what is the probability that

the face that lands uppermost has a number that is a
factor of 20?
 An icosahedron is any
solid, three-dimensional
A special die is made in the shape of an icosahedron,
geometric figure with
and its faces are numbered with the numbers 1 to 20.
twenty faces.
When the die is thrown there is an equal chance of any
face landing uppermost.

If the die is thrown once, what is the probability that

the face that lands uppermost has a number that is a
factor of 20?
The factors of 20 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10 and 20, so:
The Number of ways it can happen = 6
The Total number of outcomes = 20
 The End
Thank you!!!