CHROMATOGRAPHY

By : Aliza Tariq & Rabeea Karim

 Introduction
 Chroma means "color", "Graphy" means "to write"
 The word chromatography is derived from the Greek word
“Khromatos” meaning color writing.
Definition:
Chromatography is an important technique by
using which we can separate different
components of a solution/mixture or at least
identify them. It involves the distribution of a
solute between a stationary phase and a mobile phase.
Stationary & Mobile Phase

• Stationary phase → doesn't

move → may be solid or a
liquid (paper)

• Mobile phase - running

phase → may be a gas or a
liquid - mostly H₂ O (solvent)
 Principle
In chromatography, substances are separated due to their relative
affinities for the stationary and mobile phases.
Affinity → reactivity, the degree to
which a substance tends to combine
with another. The distribution of the
components of a mixture between the
two phases is governed by distribution
coefficient K.

K=
Concentration of a component in the moving phase
Concentration of that component in the stationary phase
 Partition Chromatography
Chromatography in which the stationary phase is a liquid, is called
partition chromatography.
In this type, the
substances being
separated are
distributed throughout
both the stationary
and mobile phase.
 Absorption Chromatography
Chromatography in which the stationary phase is a solid, is
classified as adsorption chromatography.
In this type, a substance leaves the
Mobile phase to become adsorbed
on the surface of the solid phase.