Safety Review

Safety at Electrical
Workplace
1
PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Introduction
Lesson objectives:
1. Identify major electrical hazards
2. Describe types of electrical hazards
3. Describe electrical protection methods
Source: OSHA
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Hazards associated with Electric Utility
• Shock-Electrocution
• Falls
• Confined Spaces
• Fires and Explosions
• Sprains, Strains, and Fractures
• Environmental Stress
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Shock-Electrocution
Serious injuries and death can be caused by electrical hazards such as arc flash, shocks, burns, falls, and fires. Source of graphics: OSHA
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Shock-Electrocution
BE SAFE:
•Burns
•Electrocution
•Shock
•Arc flash/arc blast
•Fire
•Explosions
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Shock-Electrocution
Burns:
•Most common shock-related injury
•Three types of electrical burns:
– Electrical
– Arc flash
– Thermal contact
Source: OSHA
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Shock-Electrocution
Electrocution:
•Is fatal
•Meaning: to kill with electrical shock
•Results when a human is exposed to a lethal
amount of electrical energy
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Shock-Electrocution
Shock:
•Body becomes part
of electrical circuit
•Reflex response to
passage of electric Source: OSHA
current through the body
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Shock-Electrocution
Arc Flash/Arc Blast

•Arc flash
– Sudden release of electrical energy through air
when a high-voltage gap exists and there is a
breakdown between conductors
– Gives off thermal radiation (heat) and bright,
intense light that can cause burns
– Temperatures as high as 35,000°F
9
Shock-Electrocution
• Arc blast – high-voltage arcs can also
produce considerable pressure waves
by rapidly heating the air and creating
a blast
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Shock-Electrocution
Fire:
•Most result from problems with "fixed
wiring”
•Problems with cords, plugs, receptacles,
and switches also cause electrical fires
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Electrical Hazards
Explosions:
•Occur when electricity ignites explosive
mixture of material in the air
•Note:
– Electricity is source of these hazards
– All hazards are of equal importance
– Lesson focuses on eliminating electrical hazards
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Types of Electrical Hazards
• Important: the covering on an overhead

power line is primarily for weather
protection; therefore, workers need to
know that if they touch a power line,
covered or bare, death is probable.
13
Chart
(1,000 milliamperes = 1 amp; therefore, 15,000 milliamperes = 15 amp circuit)
Current Reaction
Below 1 milliampere Generally not perceptible
1 milliampere Faint tingle
5 milliampere Slight shock felt; not painful but disturbing. Average individual
can let go. Strong involuntary reactions can lead to other
injuries
6-25 milliamperes (women) Painful shock, loss of muscular control
9-30 milliamperes (men) The freezing current or “let-go” range. Individual cannot let go,
but can be thrown away from the circuit if extensor muscles
are stimulated.
50-150 milliampres Extreme pain, respiratory arrest, severe muscular contractions.
Death is possible.
1,000-4,300 milliamperes Rhythmic pumping action of the heart ceases. Muscular
contraction and nerve damage occur; death likely
10,000 milliamperes Cardiac arrest, severe burns; death probable
This table shows the body’s reaction when exposed to various levels of current. Source: OSHA
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Sources of Electric Shock
• Defective equipment or tools
These photos show examples of defective equipment/tools. Source of photos: OSHA
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INSPECT WORK AREA FOR ELECTRICAL HAZARDS DAILY,
SHOULD INCLUDE, BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE
FOLLOWING:
EXTENSION CORDS
 FRAYED OR WORN
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 GROUND PIN INPLACE (MISSING)
 CONTINUOUS LENGTHS; NO DAISY-CHAINING
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Improper use:
•Extension and flexible cords
– Care
– Connection
– Capacity
Source: TEEX SH 46F1-HT06
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Maintain safe distance from
overhead power lines:
•Staying away
•Following table shows the safe
power line clearance distance for
various line voltages.
•https://youtu.be/Y2MwX738e1Y
Source of graphics: OSHA
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Inspect portable tools and extension
cords:
•Workers need to inspect extension cords prior to
their use for any cuts or abrasion.
•Electric hand tools that are old, damaged, or
misused may have damaged insulation inside.
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Tool safety tips
• Never carry a tool by the cord.
• Never yank the cord to disconnect it.
• Keep cords away from heat, oil, and
sharp edges.
• Disconnect when not in use and when
changing accessories such as blades
and bits.
• Don’t use in wet/damp environments.
• Keep working areas well lit.
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Tool safety tips
• Ensure that cords do not cause a tripping
hazard.
• Remove damaged tools from use.
• Use double-insulated tools.
• Avoid accidental starting. Do not hold
fingers on the switch button while carrying
a plugged-in tool.
• Use gloves and appropriate footwear.
• Store in dry a place when not using.
22
Power source identification
• Mark all breakers accordingly for the circuits
they protect
• Mark all disconnect means accordingly for
the equipment they service
• Identify all voltages with proper labeling
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What’s Wrong?
Identify the hazards in these photos. Source of photos: TEEX SH 46F1-HT06
24
What’s Wrong?
Identify the hazards in these photos. Source of photos: OSHA
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Falls
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Falls
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Falls
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Falls
• Use Railing
• Select the Proper PPE
• Inspect Your PPE
• Ensure You Understand Fall Distance
• Select an Acceptable Anchor Point
• Use the Proper Equipment for Working at
Heights (Scaffold vs Lift vs Ladder)
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Confined Spaces
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Confined Space
• Confined space is space that:
• Is large enough & so configured that
employee can bodily enter & perform
assigned work
• Has limited or restricted means for entry or
exit (i.e. tanks, vessels, silos, pits, vaults
or hoppers)
• Is not designed for continuous employee
occupancy
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Confined Space
• Hazardous atmosphere
– Flammable gas, vapor or mist to cause death
by filling or plugging respiratory system
– Airborne combustible dust at concentration
causing explosion
– Rotating or moving parts that may cause
physical injury
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Fires and Explosions
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Fires and Explosions
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Sprains, Strains, and Fractures
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• They are caused by excessive

reaching, bending, lifting,
gripping, squatting, or twisting
of hands, shoulders or body
• Caused by any work performed

with high force, with many
repetitions, or in an awkward
position
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• They are caused by excessive

reaching, bending, lifting,
gripping, squatting, or twisting
of hands, shoulders or body
• Caused by any work performed

with high force, with many
repetitions, or in an awkward
position
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Treatments for Sprains & Strains
• FIRST STAGE – to reduce swelling and pain

• RICE therapy (Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate) for
the first 24 to 48 hours
1. Rest the injured area (reduce regular exercise or
activities as needed)
2. Ice the injured area, 20 minutes at a time, four to
eight times a day (cold pack, ice bag, or plastic bag
filled with crushed ice and wrapped in a towel can be
used)
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Treatments for Sprains & Strains
3. Compress the injured area, using bandages, casts,
boots, elastic wraps or splints to help reduce swelling
4. Elevate the injured area, above the level of the heart, to

help decrease swelling while you are lying or sitting down
PPT-053-02 14
39
Environmental Stress
Risk Factors for Heat Illness
• High temperature and humidity, direct sun exposure.
• Heavy physical labor
• No recent exposure to hot workplaces
• Low liquid intake
• Waterproof clothing
Symptoms of Heat Exhaustion
• Headache, dizziness, or fainting
• Weakness and wet skin
• Irritability or confusion
• Thirst, nausea, or vomiting
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Environmental Stress
How to Protect against Heat Stress
• Drink plenty of fluids. Drink often and BEFORE you are thirsty.
Drink water every 15 minutes.
• Avoid beverages containing alcohol or caffeine.
• Wear lightweight, light colored, loosefitting clothes.
• Gradually increase workloads and allow more frequent breaks
for workers new to the heat.
• Know signs/symptoms of heat illnesses; monitor yourself
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Thank You
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Safety at Electrical

current through the body

Arc Flash/Arc Blast

• Important: the covering on an overhead

• Defective equipment or tools

These photos show examples of defective equipment/tools. Source of photos: OSHA

 CONTINUOUS LENGTHS; NO DAISY-CHAINING

Source: TEEX SH 46F1-HT06

Source of graphics: OSHA

Identify the hazards in these photos. Source of photos: TEEX SH 46F1-HT06

Identify the hazards in these photos. Source of photos: OSHA

• They are caused by excessive

• Caused by any work performed

• They are caused by excessive

• Caused by any work performed

• FIRST STAGE – to reduce swelling and pain

4. Elevate the injured area, above the level of the heart, to

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