POLITICS AND

GOVERNANCE
IN EAST ASIA
(CHINA)
Presented by; Group 1
 Contents of this template

Reporter 1 Geographical location

Reporter 2 The people or inhabitants ( customs, practices and beliefs)

Reporter 3 Economy

Reporter 4 Government structure, Politics And Governance

Reporter 5 Critics, Evaluation Or Analysis

Reporter 6 Conclusion
 Members

Moli, Rose Ann Lacastesantos,

Lantaka, Nursephine
Sharmaine

03
Jairulla, Mimladen
Suhod, Nashruddin
 01

CHINA
 What is China
● China is a country located in East Asia. It
is the world's most populous country,
with a population of over 1.4 billion
people.

● China has a rich history that dates back

thousands of years and is known for its
ancient civilization, cultural heritage,
and contributions to art, science, and
philosophy.
 02
Geographical location
 What is Geographical Location
● Geographic location refers to the physical place a statistical unit is
located and for which statistics are collected and disseminated.

Importance to know the Geographical?

• All places and spaces have a history behind them, shaped by humans,
earth, and climate. Studying geography gives a meaning and awareness
to places and spaces.
 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION

● China is located in Southeast Asia along the

coastline of the Pacific Ocean. It has an area of
9.6 million square kilometer's making it the
third largest country in the world after Russia
and Canada, but with approximately
1,357,380,000 people, China is the world’s
most populous country. Due to its massive size,
China is bordered by fourteen countries
Provinces
Municipalities
1. Anhui
2. Fujian 1. Beijing
3. Gansu 2. Shanghai
4. Guangdong,
3. Tianjin
5. Guizhou
6. Hainan 4. Chongqing
7. Hebei
8. Heilongjiang
9. Henan
10. Hubei
11. Hunan Autonomous Region
12. Jiangsu
13. Jiangx 1. Tibet
14. Jilin 2. Guangxi
15. Liaoning 3. Xinjiang
16. Qinghai
4. Inner Mongolia
17. Shaanxi
18. Shandong 5. Ningxia
19. Shanxi
20. Sichuan
21. Sichuan
22. Yunnan
23. Zhejiang.
THE YANGTZE RIVER

● Is the longest river within a single

country and the Third longest in the
world 6,300 km.
 THE YELLOW RIVER

● The yellow river, Second longest

river in China, fifth in the world at
5,464 km.

● Is the deadliest river in the world.

MOUNT EVEREST

● The highest mountain on earth, sit on

the border between China and Nepal.
At 8, 850 meters (29,035 feet)
TIBETAN OF PLATEAU

● Vast high plateau of southwestern

China. It encompasses all of the
Tibet Autonomous Region.
 THE GREAT WALL

● It is the longest structure humans

have ever built. It is about 21.196%
km long, 9.1 meters (30 feet) wide
and 15 meters High
 The Capital of China
● Beijing is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of
the most populous cities in the world.
 03
People, Custom,
Tradition and Beliefs
 Chinese Dynasty

The Shang Dynasty: 商代 Shāngdài (c. 16th-

11th century BCE)

● This dynasty is the first official dynasty in

China. In the Shang Dynasty, China first
began to develop its formal writing system
by carving pictographic characters onto
bones, shells, and other natural objects.
These are called ‘oracle bone’ characters .
Bronze technology and the chariot were
also used in the Shang.
The Zhou Dynasty: 周代 Zhōudài (1046-221 BCE)

● The Zhou coexisted with the Shang until

finally conquering it. During this dynasty, the
“I Ching,” or “Book of Changes,” was written:
a book of divination that first introduces
concepts like the famous yin-yang ( 阴 阳
yīnyáng) symbol. Confucianism, Daoism
(Taoism), and Legalism–three ancient
Chinese philosophies–also emerged during
this dynasty.
 The Qin Dynasty: 秦代 Qíndài (221-207 BCE)

● The Qin Dynasty one of China’s shortest yet most

famous dynasties! With his powerful armies and
belief in the philosophy of Legalism, the famous
first emperor Qin Shihuang ( 秦 始 皇 Qín
Shǐhuáng) conquered all the rival kingdoms,
bringing total unity to China. Qin Shihuang is
known for ruling his dynasty with the rule of law
and a powerful central government. When he
died, he was buried in Chang’an (modern-day
Xi’an) surrounded by an army of Terra Cotta
Warriors.
 The Han Dynasty: 汉代 Hàndài (202 BCE–220 CE)

● This dynasty deeply influenced Chinese

culture. During this time, the dynasty
expanded its power into modern-day Gansu
province, extending Chinese territory.
Confucianism was patronized by the emperor,
and the first university was founded to study
its philosophy in 124 AD. Paper, water clocks,
sundials, silk, and seismographs were all
invented during the Han Dynasty. It was a
high point of culture, art, and considered a
period of ethnic unification.
 The Sui Dynasty: 隋代 Suídài (581-617)

● This dynasty saw China enter a

golden age of agricultural and
economic prosperity. Buddhism
spread across China, inspiring
art and sculptures still visible
today.
 The Tang Dynasty: 唐代 Tángdài (618-907)

● China’s golden age continued through

the Tang Dynasty. China’s greatest
poets, Li Bai and Du Fu, lived in this
era. Scholarship flourished with
education and the publication of many
great works of literature and
encyclopaedias.
 The Song Dynasty: 宋代 Sòngdài (960-1279)

● The Song Dynasty flourished with the

spread of education, a welfare system,
Neo-Confucianism, and important
inventions such as paper currency and
high-quality pottery and porcelain.
Artists pioneered new creative forms at
the Imperial Painting Academy. Massive
cities of more than a million people
emerged. In and around the capital city
of Kaifeng, Song builders created
towering pagodas and other edifices still
seen today.
 The Yuan Dynasty: 元代 Yuándài (1279-1368)

● The legendary Mongol leader, the

establishment of the Yuan in China was
finished by his grandson Kublai Khan. The
dominance the Mongols established
across Asia led to a peaceful period
where trade flowed from east to west.
New ideas and inventions entered China
from the Middle East: astronomy,
medicine, cartography, cotton, and new
crops like lemons and melons entered
the Chinese diet.
 The Ming Dynasty: 明代 Míngdài (1368-1644)

● The Ming Dynasty was incredibly

significant: the population of the
empire doubled, famous blue-and-
white Chinese porcelain was produced
and exported, and the Yongle Emperor
( 永乐 Yǒnglè) built the Forbidden City
( 故宫 Gùgōng).
 The Qing Dynasty: 清代 Qīngdài (1644-1911)

● The Qing Dynasty was founded by the Manchus,

a people group who lived north of the Great Wall
in Manchuria (today, this is northeastern China).
Sweeping south to conquer the Ming, the
Manchus established China’s second non-
Chinese dynasty. They would also be the very
last imperial dynasty to ever exist in China.

● The Qing began with incredible achievements.

Multiple emperors expanded Chinese territory to
its largest size. Great literary projects flourished,
including the largest collection of books in
Chinese history.
What are the customs,
tradition, cultures and
beliefs of china?
 China is a country with a rich cultural
heritage and a long history. There are many
customs, traditions, and beliefs that have
been passed down through generations.
Greetings:
The traditional greeting involves a slight bow with
hands clasped together. A nod of the head is also
common, with deeper bows reserved for showing
respect to elders or superiors.

Tea Culture:
Tea holds a special place in Chinese culture,
symbolizing hospitality, peace, and mindfulness. Tea
ceremonies and rituals are often performed during
social gatherings and celebrations.
Traditional Clothing:
The Hanfu is traditional Chinese clothing, characterized by
its loose, flowing robes. The style has evolved over different
dynasties.
The qipao or cheongsam is a more modern form of dress,
often associated with special occasions.

Chinese martial arts AKA Kung Fu:

Chinese martial arts are a series of fighting styles that have
developed over the centuries in China. They are practiced for
self-defense, health benefits, and spiritual growth
The Three Pillars:
Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism are considered the
"three pillars" of Chinese culture. Confucianism
emphasizes social harmony, filial piety, and ethical
conduct. Taoism focuses on balance and living in
accordance with nature. Buddhism, with its teachings on
compassion and enlightenment, has greatly influenced
Chinese art, literature, and funerary practices.
Traditional Festivals:
Chinese New Year (Spring Festival):
The most important and widely celebrated festival, marking
the beginning of the lunar new year.
Mid-Autumn Festival:
Celebrated with family gatherings, mooncakes, and
lanterns.
Dragon Boat Festival:
Commemorates the death of Qu Yuan, featuring dragon
boat races and the consumption of zongzi.
Legacy of Chiang Kai-
Shek
 Chiang Kai-shek
● Chiang Kai-shek, also known as Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese politician,
military leader, and statesman. He played a significant role in Chinese
history during the 20th century.

● Born on October 31, 1887, in Zhejiang, China.

● leader of the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) and served as the head of the
Republic of China from 1928 to 1949. Chiang led the Nationalist
government in its struggle against the Communist Party of China and the
Japanese invasion during World War II.
●
 Chiang kai-shek
● Chiang established a government in exile and continued to lead the
Republic of China from Taiwan until his death on April 5, 1975.

● his efforts to modernize China, promote economic development, and

maintain control over the country. However, his rule was also marked by
political repression and authoritarianism.

● Chiang’s legacy remains a subject of debate and controversy. Supporters

view him as a defender of Chinese nationalism and a bulwark against
communism, while critics point to his autocratic rule and the failure of his
government to address social and economic issues effectively.
Mao Zedong
 Moa Zedong
● Born on December 26, 1893, and passed away on September 9, 1976

● He was a politician, Marxist theorist, military strategist, poet, and revolutionary.

● Known as the founder of the People’s Republic of China (PRC).

● He was the first chairman of the People’s Republic of China from 1949 to 1959. Mao
was one of the most influential and controversial political figures of the 20 th century,
not only in China but also abroad. He was a key figure in the Cold War and the
communist movement, leading a long revolution in China from 1927 to 1949 and
ruling the PRC from 1949 to 1976.
 04

Economy
 HOW CHINA EVOLVE
AND MAKE PROGRESS IN
THEIR ECONOMY?
 A number of different reasons and
tactics that have been put into place
over multiple decades have
contributed to China's economic
evolution and progress.
Reform and Opening-Up (1978):
China's economic transformation began with Deng
Xiaoping's "Reform and Opening-Up" policy in 1978.
This initiative aimed to shift from a centrally planned
economy to a more market-oriented one. Special
Economic Zones (SEZs) were established to attract foreign
investment and promote export-oriented growth.
Infrastructure Development:
China invested heavily in building infrastructure,
including transportation networks, energy systems,
and telecommunications. This helped create a solid
foundation for economic growth by facilitating
efficient movement of goods and people.
Export-Led Growth:
China focused on becoming the "world's factory" by
emphasizing export-led growth. This involved
producing goods at competitive prices, often through
low-cost labor, and selling them on the international
market.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI):
China actively attracted foreign investment, especially in
the manufacturing sector. Foreign companies set up
operations in China, leading to technology transfer, job
creation, and increased production capabilities.
Educational Reforms:
China invested in education and skill development to
create a workforce capable of supporting a rapidly
growing economy. The emphasis on science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)
education has contributed to technological
advancements.
State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) Reforms: While
maintaining a significant role for state-owned
enterprises, China implemented reforms to make them
more competitive and efficient. Some sectors were
opened up to private and foreign investment.
Financial Sector Reforms:
China gradually liberalized its financial sector, allowing for
more diverse financial services, including the establishment
of stock markets and the internationalization of the Chinese
currency, the yuan (renminbi).
Global Trade and WTO Accession:
China's accession to the World Trade Organization
(WTO) in 2001 facilitated increased access to global
markets and encouraged further economic reforms.
Technological Innovation:
China has increasingly focused on technological
innovation and research and development. The
government has implemented policies to support
industries like information technology, biotechnology,
and clean energy.
.
 05
FORMS OF
GOVERNMENT
 FORMS OF GOVERNMENT

• China is officially known as the People's Republic of

China (PRC) and has a socialist political system.

• The form of government in China is a one-party

socialist state, with the Communist Party of China
(CPC) being the ruling party.

• The government structure in China consists of

several key components.
 06
GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE,
POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
 Xi Jinping

• President of China and General Secretary of the

Communist Party

The Communist Party of China

• Dominates all branches of China’s political system

THE NATIONAL PEOPLE’S CONGRESS
Controls
over

Military Courts
State
Council
Politburo Standing Committee members
1. Wang Yang
2. Wang Huning
3. Li Keqiang
4. Li Zhanshu
5. Han Zheng
6. Zhao Leji

The Politburo
National People’s Congress
• Consist of another
• About 3000 National 18 members
People’s Congress
 Judiciary And Prosecutor

• It is still controlled by the

CPC and Politburo
members

Central Commission for

Disciplinary Inspection Central Organization
(CCDI) Department (OD)

• It enforces the internal • This body can end a party

discipline and loyalty member’s career
through this body
 State Council

Li Keqiang
State Council Head, Chinese

Premier and Politburo Standing

Committee Member

Military

Xi Jinping
Central Military

Commission Chairman,

Chinese President and General

Secretary of the Communist Party

 Politics and Governance of China
●China, know as People’s Republic of China (PRC), is a socialist one-
party state with the Communist Party of China (CPC) as the dominant
political force.

Political System
● One party-system with the Communist Party of China as the sole legal
political party.
●Constitutional Framework
- The PRC constitutions adopted in 1982, outlines the countries basic laws and
principles.

●Leadership and Governance

- General Secretary, is the paramount leader of the communist party
- President of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), the head of the state
- Premier, the head of the government
- National’s People’s Congress, China’s top legislative body, is the highest organ
of state power.
●The Communist Party of China
- It is the ruling party and holds a leading role in all aspects of governance. The National Party
Congress, held every five years.

●Military
- The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) is the armed forces of the PRC. One of the largest
military forces in the world.

● Human Rights and Rule of Law

- Chinas has faced criticism for its human rights record, including restrictions on freedom of
speech, political dissent, and religious freedoms.

●China’s Foreign Policy

- It has become more assertive in recent years. it is actively engaged in international
organizations and economic partnerships. Tensions exist over territorial claims particularly in
the South China Sea.
 07
CRITICS
EVALUATION AND
ANALYSIS
 CRITICS EVALUATION OF CHINA
• Over 800 million people have been pulled out of poverty and GDP growth has
averaged over 9% annually since China started to open up and reform its
economy in 1978. During the same time span, there have also been notable
advancements in access to other services, including health and education.

• China currently has an upper middle class of income. Despite having eliminated
extreme poverty, a sizable portion of the population is nevertheless at risk, with
earnings below the levels more commonly associated with poverty in upper-
middle income nations.
 STRATEGY
• For more than 40 years, China and the World Bank Group (WBG)
have collaborated. Released in December 2019, the WBG's new
Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for FY2020 to 2025 illustrates
how the Bank Group's relationship with China has evolved toward
less lending and more selective engagement in accordance with the
capital increase commitments made by its shareholders in 2018.

• The CPF intends to assist China in addressing some of its outstanding

development issues, including the shift to more ecologically
sustainable growth, fortify important Chinese institutions involved in
social and economic development, and lessen inequality in
underdeveloped areas.
 08
CONCLUSION
 CONCLUSION
China is a vast and diverse country with a rich history, vibrant
culture, and breathtaking landscapes. It is known for its
ancient landmarks, such as the Great Wall and the Terracotta
Army, as well as its modern metropolises like Beijing and
Shanghai. China's natural beauty can be seen in its majestic
rivers, stunning mountains, and pictures countryside. The
country's influence extends beyond its borders, as it is the
world's most populous country .
"Believe in yourself and all that
you are. Know that there is
something inside you that is
greater than any obstacle"
—Our motto