UNIT III - UNCERTAINITY

CONTENTS

 Introduction
 Non-Monotonic Reasoning
 Fuzzy Logic
 Temporal Logic
 Neural Networks
 Neuro – Fuzzy Inferences
 INTRODUCTION
 Agents may need to handle uncertainty and never know for certain
what state it’s in or where it will end up after a sequence of action.
 Agents such as problem-solving and logical agents designed to
handled uncertainty by keeping track of a belief state a representation
of set of all possible world states that it might be in and generating a
contingency plan that handles every possible eventuality that its
sensors may report during execution
 NON-MONOTONIC REASONING
 It is useful for representing defaults. A default is a rule that can be
used unless it overridden by an exception.
 It is a formal logic whose consequence relation is not monotonic.
 They are devised to capture and represent defeasible inferences i.e. a
kind of inference in which reasoners draws tentative conclusions,
enabling reasoners to retract their conclusion(s) based on further
evidence.
 It deals with problem of deriving plausible conclusions, but not
infallible from a knowledge base.
 NON-MONOTONIC REASONING

ABDUCTIVE REASONING
 It is the process of deriving most likely explanations of known facts.
 It is not monotonic.
DEFAULT REASONING
 Default reasoning is a form of Defeasible Reasoning used to express
facts like “by default, something is true”.