Introduction to

Healthcare
 What is Health?
Health is a state of complete
physical, mental and social well-
being and not merely the absence
of disease or infirmity, and ability
to lead a socially & economically
productive life

- according to Preamble to the

Constitution of the World Health
Organization, 1946.
 Healthcare is more than Medical Care, i.e. medical
What is care is the part of healthcare.

Healthcare?
Health care is an expression of
concern for fellow human It is services provided to individuals & families to
beings. It is defined as a
multitude of services rendered to
maintain or restore physical, mental, or emotional
individuals, families or well-being especially by trained and licensed health
communities by the agents of the professionals.
health services or professions,
for the purpose of promoting,
maintaining, monitoring or Medical care focuses on treating illness and injury, while health
restoring health. care focuses on preventing illness and promoting health.

Doctors and other trained medical professionals provide medical

care. In contrast, various professionals can provide health care,
including doctors, nurses, nutritionists, and fitness instructors!
Principles of healthcare

Equitable Coverage & Community Multi sectoral

distribution accessibility participation approach

Appropriate Logistics of supply

health technology
 Equitable distribution:- It means primary
healthcare service must be shared equally to all
the people.

Coverage & accessibility:- Primary healthcare

Cont’d… aims to provide healthcare to all the population
living in any geographical area.

Community participation:- Is the process by

which individuals & families assume
responsibilities for their own health & welfare
which develops the capacity to contribute to
their country’s development.
 Multi sectoral approach:- For achieving
the goals co-ordination with the other
sector is necessary because no sector
can achieve its goals in isolation.

Appropriate health technology:- It

Cont’d… implies the use of methods, techniques

& equipments which are scientifically
sound but simple.

Logistics of supply:- It includes planning

& budgeting of the supplies required,
procurement or manufacture, storage,
distribution and control.
 A healthcare system can be defined as the method
by which healthcare is financed, organized, and
delivered to a population.

Healthcare
It includes issues of access (for whom and to which
services), expenditures, and resources (healthcare
workers and facilities). The goal of a healthcare
System:- system is to enhance the health of the population
in the most effective manner.

It have a critical role in determining the manner in

which health services are delivered, utilized and
affect health outcomes.
Why we need healthcare?

Population ageing or New technology & Patient expectations Life style diseases
change in knowledge
demographic profile
Challenges in Healthcare
Sector

Population Infrastructure Low Government Rural-Urban

Spending disparity

Malpractices in
Sector
Primary Healthcare

Its main aim is to provide local care to a patient because professionals Primary care services rapidly increasing in both the developed and
related to primary care are normal generalists, deals with a broad range of developing countries depending upon the increasing number of adults at
psychological, physical and social problems etc rather than specialists in any greater risk of chronic non communicable disease like diabetes, asthma,
particular disease area. back pain, hypertension, anxiety, depression etc.
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE :
• Also called as essential health care or health care at door step.

• It is the first level of contact of individual, the family and community with national
health system, where primary health care is provided.

• A level of health care, it is close to the people, where most of the health problem
can be dealt with and resolved.

• It provided at village level and through primary health centers and their sub-
centers through the agency of multi-purpose health worker, village health guide,
field worker and trained dais.

• The measures of health promotion and prevention are taken a maximum effort at
this level of health care.
 This healthcare is provided by the medical specialists.

The systems come under this category is known as District Health

system and County Health system.

Secondary
Healthcare (a) District Health system : This system mainly focus on child health
and maternity care. People population of this system is about 25000
to 50000 and includes various healthcare centers and district
hospitals. Healthcare centers remain open for 24 hours every day.
District hospitals include emergency services, neonatal care etc are
remain open for 24 hours every day.

(b) County Health system: Into this system, hospitals provides

gynecologic services, general medicine, obstetrics, general surgery
etc and is remain open for 24 hours every day.
SECONDARY CARE LEVEL:

• The next higher level of care is the secondary (intermediate) health

care level.

• At this level more complex problem are dealt with.

• Care is generally provided in district hospital and community centers

which also serves as the first referral level.

• Curative services are provided at this level.

Tertiary Healthcare

01 02 03
This type of healthcare is Healthcare for advanced The main provider of tertiary
known as specialized medical investigation and care is national Health system
healthcare usually for treatment. following consist of Regional hospitals
inpatients and on referral examples of tertiary care and National Hospital.
from primary and secondary services are plastic surgery,
burn treatment, cardiac
surgery, cancer management,
neurosurgery etc.
Tertiary level:

• The tertiary level is a more, specialized specific facilities and attention

of highly specialized health workers.

• This care is provided by the regional or central level institutions. E.g.

medical college hospitals.

• All institutes, regional hospitals, specialized hospitals and other apex

institutions.
In Bangladesh – The Health Care
• Primary level health care is delivered though USC or HFWC with one in each
union domiciliary level, integrated health and family planning services through
field workers for every 3000-4000 population and 31 bed capacities in hospitals.

• Secondary level health care is provided through 100 bed capacities in district
hospital. Facilities provide specialist services in internal medicine, general surgery,
gynecology, pediatrics and obstetrics, eye clinical, pathology, blood transfusion
and public health laboratories.

• Tertiary level health care is available at the medical college hospital, public health
and medical institutes and other specialist hospitals at the national level where a
mass wide range of specialized as well as better laboratory facilities are available.