Threads-

Terminology in threads-
External thread-
Internal threads
Different Types of Thread profiles:-

1. Square Threads.
2. V-threads.
3. ACME Threads
4. Buttress Threads.
5. Whitworth threads

Thread Conventions
Square Threads

V- threads
 ACME threads

Buttress threads
Whitworth Threads
 STANDARD REPRESENTATION OF THREADS

Visible screw threads - For visible

screw threads, the crests of threads should be defined by a continuous thick
line (type A), and the roots of threads by a continuous thin line (type B).

Hidden screw threads- For hidden screw threads, the crests and the
roots should be defined by dashed lines.
Sections of threaded parts – For threaded parts shown in section, hatching
should be extended to the line defining the crest of the thread.
End view of screw threads - On an end view of a visible screw thread, the thread
roots should be represented by a portion of a circle, drawn with a continuous thin
line (type B), of length approximately three-quarters of the circumference.

The above conventions apply to assemblies of threaded parts. However,

externally threaded parts should always be shown covering internally
threaded parts and should not hidden by them
METRIC THREAD STANDARDS
UNIFIED THREAD STANDARDS
 Hexagonal headed bolt

Square headed bolt

Generally used when the head is to be accommodated in recess. Recess is also
made up of square shape to prevent rotation of bolt.

Square neck to avoid rotation of

Bolt while tightening a nut.
Cylindrical or cheese headed bolt

Used when-
•Space for accommodating bolt head
is less.
•Use of spanner is to be avoided.

Rotation of bolt is prevented by

means of a pin

T- headed bolt

•Primarily used in machine tool tables.

•Fits in T slot provided on them.
 Counter sunk headed bolt.

•Used in application where head of

bolt must not project above the surface
of connected piece.
•It may provided with the neck of square
cross-section.

Hook Bolt

•This bolt passes through a hole of one piece

only. other piece is gripped by the hook shaped
bolt head.
•This is used when it is not possible to drill hole
in the piece adjoining bolt head.
 Eye Bolt-

•Bolt has circular ring as its head.

•Used as an appliance to lift heavy
machines.

Stud-

It consists of a cylindrical shank threaded

at both sides.
The nut end N is threaded for a length slightly
More than thickness of nut.
Metal end M is threaded to length at least equal
To diameter of stud.
Fitting of stud

Washer
Hexagonal nut
Approx Std. Dimensions
T=D; W=1.5D+3mm;
R=1.4D

Rough Rule Dimensions

T=D; R=1.5D
Distance across diagonally
opposite corners: 2D

Drawing a hexagonal nut

 Nuts

Tommy
Bar / Pin
spanner
Locking arrangements for nuts
•Due to vibrations, there is always a tendency to for nuts to get slack.
•The nut A is first screwed on bolt as tightly as possible.
•The nut B is then screwed on the bolt till it touches the top of nut A.
•The nut B is help by spanner and nut A is turned backwards through few degrees.
•The two nuts are hence locked tightly due to wedging action against each
other and bolt.
•Nut B carries all the load, hence it is made thicker than nut A. Generally nut A
thickness is kept 0.8 times of thickness of nut B
Foundation bolts

Molten
Lead /
sulphur
Foundation bolts
 Bolt type Picture Application

Square headed Bearings of shaft

Big end of connecting rods,

Cylindrical headed
eccentrics, etc.

Machine tool tables, boiler

T-headed mountings such as stop
valve, feed check valve etc.

Where the bolt head must

Counter-sunk headed
not project above surface

Eye bolt For lifting heavy machines

Connect cylinder cover to

engine cylinder
Stud
Situations where there is no
space for bolt heads