PRESENTATION

ON
“SCIENTIFIC WRITING”

Name: CHAVDA DHAVALSINH HITENDRASINH

Roll No.: HPP(03)
Exam No.: (2021-2022)
Guide name: Dr. DIPEN GANDHI

GOVERNMENT SCIENCE COLLEGE ,

SECTOR-15, GANDHINAGAR-382016, GUJARAT, INDIA.
Master of science (organic chemistry)
chemistry department
Govt. science college, Gandhinagar
 INDEX
 INTRODUCTION

VITAMIN A MACRO MINERALS

VITAMIN D SODIUM

VITAMIN E CHLORIDE

VITAMIN B1 POTASSIUM

Vitamin B7

VITAMIN B9

VITAMIN B12

VITAMIN C
 INTRODUCTION:

Casimir Funk, a Warsaw-born biochemist was the

first to coin the word "vitamin" in 1911. The
vitamins are a group of complex organic
compounds required in small quantities by the
body for the maintenance of good health. They are
not normally synthesized in the body and hence
are to be supplied through the diet.
There are 13 nutrients classified as vitamins: 4 ‘fat-
soluble' and 9 ‘water-soluble‘.
 VITAMIN A : (RETINOL)

In 1913, Elmer McCollum and Marguerite Davis are discovered vitamin A.

Retinol, also called vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin.
The main physiologically active forms of vitamin A are retinaldehyde and
retinoic acid, both of which are derived from retinol.

SOURCE BENEFITS DEFICIENCY

• Eggs Normal vision Night blindness
•Milk  Healthy Skin Decreased resistance to
•Yoghurt  Regulate Immune System infections
•Carrot
•Papaya
 Vitamin D (Calciferol)

In 1922 Elmer McCollum discovered vitamin D.

Vitamin D (also referred to as “Calciferol") is a fat-soluble vitamin that is
naturally present in a few foods, added to others, and available as a
dietary supplement. It is also produced endogenously when ultraviolet
(UV) rays from sunlight strike the skin and trigger vitamin D synthesis.

SOURCES BENEFITS DEFICIENCY

• Sun light • Improve heart health • High blood pressure
•Milk • Promotes bone health •Muscle pain
•Eggs •Promotes tissue health •Dry skin
•Mushrooms
 Vitamin E (Tocopherol)

In 1922, Herbert M Evans discovered vitamin E.

A nutrient that the body needs in small amounts to stay healthy and
work the way it should. It is fat-soluble (can dissolve in fats and oils).
It also helps prevent cell damage caused by free radicals (highly
reactive chemicals). Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin with several
forms, but alpha- tocopherol is the only one used by the human body.

SOURCES BENEFITS DEFICIENCY

•Almonds •healthy skin and eyes •Muscle weakness
•Beet •the immune system •Vision problems
•Butter •Loss of body
•Vegetable oil movement control
Vitamin B1(Thiamin)

In1897, Christian Eijkman discovered vitamin B1. A nutrient in the

vitamin B complex that the body needs in small amounts to function
and stay healthy. B1 is water-soluble vitamin. Thiamin is a sulfur-
containing vitamin that participates in energy metabolism, converting
carbohydrates, lipids and proteins into energy. Thiamin also plays a
key role in nerve and muscle activity.

SOURCES BENEFITS DEFICIENCY

•Orange •Good for diabetes •Weight loss
•Peas •Helps fight depression • short-term memory loss.
•Barley • weakness
•Brocolli
Vitamin B7(Biotin | Vitamin H)
In,1931 Paul Gyorgy discovered vitamin B7.
Biotin, also known as vitamin H or B7, is a water-soluble vitamin that helps
the body metabolize fats, carbohydrates, and protein. Water-soluble
vitamins are not stored in the body so daily intake is necessary. Biotin plays
an important role in metabolism as a coenzyme that transfers carbon
dioxide

SOURCES BENEFITES DEFECIENCY

•Eggs •crucial for metabolism •hair loss,
•Sweet potato regulation and function •Alopecia
•Tomatoes of the nervous system •red rash around the
•Pork eyes
•Nuts
Vitamin B9 – (Folic acid)

In, 1941 Henry Mitchell discovered vitamin B9.

Folate, also known as vitamin B₉ and folacin, is one of the B vitamins.
Manufactured folic acid, which is converted into folate by the body, is
used as a dietary supplement and in food fortification as it is more
stable during processing and storage.

BENEFITS DEFICIENCY
Sources • tiredness
•Beans •Making red blood
cells •Weakness
• Orange
•making and •headaches
•Sunflower seeds
•Fresh fruits repairing your DNA
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

In1926, George Whipple, George Richards Minot and William

Murphy discovered vitamin B12.
Vitamin B₁₂, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin
involved in metabolism. It is one of eight B vitamins. It is required by
animals, which use it as a cofactor in DNA synthesis, in both fatty
acid and amino acid metabolism.

SOURCES BENEFITS DEFICIENCY

•Milk •Improve Heart Health •Depression
•Eggs •Supports bone health •HAIRLOSS
•Fish •Supports the Nervous •pale or yellow skin, mental
•Cheese
•Almonds
Vitamin C(Ascorbic Acid)
In 1928, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi discovered vitamin C.
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, Vitamin C is a water-soluble
vitamin found in citrus and other fruits and vegetables, and also sold
as a dietary supplement. It is used to prevent and treat scurvy.
Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in the repair of tissue, the
formation of collagen, and the enzymatic production of certain
neurotransmitters.

SOURCE BENEFITS DEFICIENCY

• Improve immunity •gum and dental problems
• Papaya •dry hair and skin
•Lemon •Increase bone density
•Keeps skin hydrated •Joint pain
•Kiwi
• Orange
•Pineapple
Introduction to the Macro Minerals
Macro minerals play a substantial role in our lives. They are the
building blocks of life. The macro minerals include calcium,
phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, sodium,chloride, and magnesium.

These minerals are found in the greatest abundance in the diet and
are found in the highest amounts in the body.
Calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium play a large role in the
formation and
structure of bones.
 The Electrolyte Minerals
 Sodium
 Chloride
 Potassium
Sodium
Sodium Salt is made of sodium and chloride—salt is essential for life. The
chemical symbol for sodium, Na, is derived from the Latin name for sodium,
natrium. Most people enjoy the taste-enhancing flavor of salt. Less than 10
percent of salt intake is from the salt in unprocessed foods such as fruits and
vegetables. Three-quarters of the salt most people eat is hidden in processed
foods.
DEFICIENCY OF SODIUM
Sodium deficiency does not normally result from inadequate dietary intakes.
Sodium deficiency is called hyponatremia (hypo- means “low,” natrium means
“sodium,”and -emia means “in blood”). In rare cases, excessive water intake can
cause low sodium levels in the blood. Hyponatremia can be caused by
prolonged, excessive sweating, prolonged vomiting or diarrhea, or the use of
some diuretics.
Chloride
Chlorine (chemical symbol Cl) is a poisonous, greenish-yellow gas
in the halogen family of elements. Chlorine is used to disinfect
water and is used as bleach.Chlorine combines easily with sodium,
hydrogen, and many other elements.
CHLORIDE DEFICIENCY
Deficiency of chloride is rare because it is found in most diets. Temporary
deficiency of chloride can be induced by heavy sweating, vomiting, or
diarrhea.Deficiency can be relieved by normal food and water.
Potassium
Potassium is an electrolyte mineral that is essential for nutrition. The chemical
symbol for potassium is the letter K, named after the Latin word kalium. The
word kalium comes from the Arabic word for alkali, which means cooked ashes.
Potassium dissolves into charged particles (ions) in watery fluids. Cells need a
high concentration of potassium inside cells to function normally. As mentioned,
potassium concentrations are about 30 times higher inside cells than in extra-
cellular fluid
POTASSIUM AND ENERGY PRODUCTION
Potassium is needed by an enzyme called pyruvate kinase. This enzyme is used to
break down carbohydrates for energy production in the cell. Pyruvate kinase is
also involved in synthesizing glucose in the liver. One of the signs of potassium
deficiency is fatigue, which may be caused by a lack of potassium in the pyruvate
kinase enzyme, leading to a lack of energy.
 CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, there are two types of vitamins, which are

essential to the body, water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble
vitamins. Both types play and effective part in human body.
Nobody can deny the necessity of these vitamins to the body in
all ages, and the lack of it can result in server damage in
certain parts of the body according to which vitamin and age
as well as the health status of each person.
•In Coclusion, Minerals are important for your body to stay
healthy. Your body uses minerals for many different jobs,
including keeping your bones, muscles, heart, and brain
working properly. Minerals are also important for making
enzymes and hormones. There are two kinds of minerals:
macrominerals and trace minerals. You need larger amounts of
macrominerals.
 References
 Vitamins & Minerals Demystified

 https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Vitamins_and_Minera
ls_Demystified.html?id=XV5CXubFZw8C&redir_esc=y

 https://books.google.co.in/books?id=XV5CXubFZw8C&pg=PA1
&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4#v=onepage&q&f=false

 https://www.ebooks.com/en-us/book/330681/vitamins-and-
minerals-demystified/steve-blake/
THANK YOU