Ievaldekcija ANGLU Stud.

Introduction in
traumatology and
orthopaedics
Prof.Andris Jumtins
Head of the Department of
Orthopaedics Riga Stradiņš University, Latvia
Definition
Trauma is defined as any body wound or shock
produced by sudden physical injury, as from
accident, injury or impact.
Trauma- is any type of physical injury that results
from action of traumatic force on the body
Orthopaedics is a branch of surgery that practices
on investigating and treating problems of support
and movement apparatus.
In 1741 Nicholas Andry introduces the term orthopaedics

derivating it from greek ‘orthos’- straight and ‘paideia’-
growing (usually in children).
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Topicallity of traumatology-
orthopaedics
Reģistrēto traumu gadījumu skaits 2009. - 2015.gadā sadalījumā pa dzimumie m un vecuma grupām (absolūtos skaitļos)
Vecuma 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

grupa Vīrieši Sievietes Vīrieši Sievietes Vīrieši Sievietes Vīrieši Sievietes Vīrieši Sievietes Vīrieši Sievietes Vīrieši Sievietes
Nezināma 16 4 5 5 1 0 65 10 1 0 2 1 0 0
0-4 587 449 594 433 533 385 539 395 294 210 320 190 299 228
5-9 624 431 604 372 595 386 576 395 350 202 344 226 309 172
10-14 985 500 820 452 786 420 776 410 412 244 451 229 434 239
15-19 1441 660 1081 556 963 416 810 380 395 217 469 226 413 240
20-24 1893 492 1381 455 1161 355 1012 316 498 156 601 176 536 193
25-29 1665 422 1262 353 1072 333 950 297 532 134 674 152 704 184
30-34 1584 399 1092 346 895 261 829 251 503 172 663 192 705 172
35-39 1348 445 1053 428 940 363 785 270 527 192 628 170 648 177
40-44 1228 449 878 387 842 319 767 325 561 223 687 235 686 260
45-49 1240 407 913 442 795 405 729 331 543 225 573 229 613 270
50-54 996 488 783 457 776 466 795 449 491 328 618 308 648 355
55-59 720 487 605 473 622 417 605 453 428 310 530 372 561 375
60-64 561 413 453 441 436 390 445 376 348 337 399 342 473 376
65-69 470 461 349 421 335 378 298 386 252 288 297 324 334 378
70-74 326 468 323 531 332 514 334 520 215 401 263 452 260 451
75-79 189 464 189 496 211 518 205 525 187 405 225 541 243 597
80-84 105 408 129 542 150 586 155 586 119 430 145 580 160 597
85+ 65 379 79 568 101 604 106 605 94 529 123 807 141 879
16043 8226 12593 8158 11546 7516 10781 7280 6750 5003 8012 5752 8167 6143
Kopā
24269 20751 19062 18061 11753 13764 14310
SPKC dati

orthopaedics
Disability

Topicallity of traumatology-orthopaedics
Mortality-Latvia 2009-2015
kopā 2015.g.-28179
SPKC dati

orthopaedics

orthopaedics

orthopaedics
P Z D G IN LATVIA
3 MAIN REASONS OF DEATH
/ON 100 000 INHABITANTS/ SPKC dati
4645
5000
4500
PZDG uz 100 000
4000
Vīrieši
3500 2666
3000 Sievietes
2500
2000 1243
1180
847 913
1500
1000
500
0
Ārējie cēloņi Sirds-asinsv. Ļaund.audzēji
slimības
Nāves cēloņi

History
Hippocrates
(460-377 b.c.)
Vēsture
History
Avicenna (Ibn Sina)

(970-1037)

History
Andreas Vesalius
(1514-1564)

History
Nikolay Pirogov
(1810-1881)

History
Gavril Ilizarov
(1921-1992)

History
AO (1958)
‘Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen’

History
Sarkankalns hospital

History

History

History
Scientific Research Institute of
Traumatology- Orthopaedics 1946-1994

History
Archil Macabeli
(1905-1960)

History
Alexandrs Biezins
(1897-1975)

History
Viktors Kalnberzs
(1928)

History
Kristaps Keggi

History
Hospital of Traumatology and Orthopaedics
(1994)
Valdis Zatlers

Mechanism of trauma
High
energy
trauma
Low
energy
trauma

Traumatic injury
Soft tissue injuries

Traumatic injury
Traumatic bone fractures
Definition- fracture is a break in the bones

continuity. This pathology includes cases
from fractures without dislocation or so
called bone ruptures, to complicated
multifragmentary or segmentary
fractures.

Bone fractures
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Bone fractures
Classification:
 Traumatic fractures (classification by the type of
fracture)
 Compression fractures
 Avulsion or bone fragment tear fracture
 Seized fractures
 Impression fractures
 Stress or bone fatigue fractures
 Pathologic fractures
 Greenstick fractures
 Open or closed fractures
 Epiphyseal, metaepiphyseal, diaphyseal fractures
(by location)
 Oblique fractures, transverse fractures,
spiralform, multifragmentary, comminuted
fractures (by the fracture line)
 AO classification
AO classification

29
Diaphyseal bone fracture types

Gustilo and Anderson open
bone fracture classification

Clinical outlook
 Deformity of the extremity
 Oedema
 Pathologic bone fragment
movement
 Bone fragment crepitation
 Limited mobility in the nearby joints
 Pain
 Disturbed function

Closed and open fracture clinical
outlook

.
X-ray fracture diagnostics

Bone fracture treatment
Conservative
Plaster immobilisation
Closed reduction + plaster immobilisation

Conservative
Skeletal traction

Surgical
Closed reduction+ osteosynthesis with
wires and screws

Surgical
Osteosynthesis with
plates

Surgical
Osteosynthesis with intramedulary nail

Surgical
Bone external fixation

Surgical
Bone fragment
replacement
with
endoprosthesis













Bone fracture complications











33 days after
surgery


Fixation
period-
142 days





Literature

Student knowledge test in the Orthopaedics department
Written or oral knowledge test in practical

lessons
Practicall skill colloquium at the end of
half of lesson cycle
Test at the patient's bed at the end of the
spring lesson cycle
Objectively Structured Clinical
Examination (OSCE) at the end of the
orthopaedics cycle

73
OSCE
Exam for the 4th year
medical students
 Every student is provided 10
questions.
 For answering each question is
given 5 minutes.
 Exam is scheduled for 2 days.
 Approximate number of
students per day- to 70 people.
 Expected date of exam length-
6-7 hours.

74
Student scientific circle

75
Welcome!

76

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Introduction in

In 1741 Nicholas Andry introduces the term orthopaedics

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Vecuma 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

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Avicenna (Ibn Sina)

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Traumatic bone fractures

Definition- fracture is a break in the bones

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